马尔康近60年降水与日照的变化特征分析

Analysis on the Variation Characteristics of Precipitation and Sunshine Precipitation in Maerkang in the Recent 60 Years

摘要: 利用马尔康地面观测站1960~2019年的降水和日照时数资料，采用趋势分析、累积距平和小波分析方法，分析了马尔康地区近60 a降水和日照的变化特征。结果表明：马尔康1960~2019年平均年降水量为793.0 mm，近60 a年降水量呈波动上升趋势，气候倾向率为17.6 mm/10a；平均年日照时数为2256.2 h，日照时数呈波动下降趋势，气候倾向率为−37.6 h/10a。1987年和2008年属于降水量低值转折年，但未达到降水突变水平，2008年至今降水量增加趋势依然持续；1980年属于从日照时数偏多期转为偏少期的转折年，但也未达到突变水平。降水量振荡周期为4 a、12 a和29 a，日照时数主振荡周期约在28 a，在降水29 a和日照28 a时间尺度上，2019年之后等值线未闭合，表明未来一段时间内年降水和日照将继续处于偏多时期。

Abstract: Based on the data of precipitation and sunshine hours from 1960 to 2019 at Maerkang ground observation station, the characteristics of precipitation and sunshine variation in recent 60 years in Maerkang area are analyzed by using trend analysis, cumulative anomaly and wavelet analysis. The results show that the precipitation in Maerkang from 1960 to 2019 was 793.0 mm. The precipitation in the recent 60 years showed a fluctuating upward trend and the climate trend rate was 17.6 mm/10a. The annual average sunshine hours were 2256.2 h; the sunshine hours showed a fluctuating downward trend and the climate trend rate was −37.6 h/10a. 1987 and 2008 were turning years of low precipitation, but they had not reached the level of abrupt change of precipitation. 1980 was a turning year from more sunshine hours to fewer sunshine hours, but it did not reach the mutation level. The oscillation period of precipitation was 4 a, 12 a and 29 a, and the main oscillation period of sunshine hours was about 28 a. On the time scale of precipitation 29 a and sunshine 28 a, the isoline was not closed after 2019, which indicates that the annual precipitation and sunshine will continue to be in a more frequent period in the future.