叙实性话语标记“实际上”

Descriptive Discourse Marker “Actually”

摘要: “实际上”属于叙实性话语标记，不仅可以用来表示与事实相关的事件，也可以用来表达说话人的主观态度。本文从共时的角度对“实际上”展开研究，首先对其进行话语标记的判定，其次主要探究其语用环境和语用功能。从语用环境上来看，该话语标记经常出现在对比句和主观评价句中；从语用功能上来看，该话语标记有指明反预期和凸显焦点的信息结构功能以及延续相关话题和衔接上文的篇章功能。

Abstract: “Actually” is a descriptive discourse marker, it can be used not only to express events related to facts but also to express the subjective attitude of the speaker. In this paper, “actually” is studied from a synchronic perspective. Firstly, it is judged as a discourse marker, and secondly, its prag-matic environment and functions are mainly explored. From the perspective of pragmatic envi-ronment, this discourse marker is mainly used in contrastive sentences and subjective evaluation sentences. From the perspective of pragmatic function, this discourse marker has the function of indicating the information structure of anti-expectation and highlighting the focus, as well as the function of continuing related topics and connecting the previous chapters.