新疆惠远新城遗址北城墙发育主要病害研究

Study on the Main Diseases of the North City Wall of the Huiyuan New Site in Xinjiang

摘要: 惠远新城遗址位于新疆霍城县。该城为方形，现存四面城墙，四角有角楼；墙外有马面，马面为方形；城外有护城河，现已辟为耕地；城内现存钟鼓楼、伊犁将军府旧址、文庙、衙署、沙俄领事馆等建筑。在自然和人为因素的共同作用下，惠远新城北城墙遗址破坏严重。主要病害类型为坍塌、裂隙、基础掏蚀凹进、冲沟、洞穴、生物病害、人为破坏、墙面剥离、墙顶植被发育等。通过对遗址发育的各类病害的半定量化统计分析可知，裂隙、坍塌、冲沟和墙顶陷穴是其重要病害，对遗址危害最大。目前遗址病害严重，而且该破坏正在发展延续，建议尽快开展遗址的保护加固工程。

Abstract: Huiyuan new site is located in Huocheng County, Xinjiang. The city is square, with four walls and corner towers on its four corners; outside the wall has horse noodles, and the horse noodles are square; there are moats outside the city, which have been turned into cultivated land; the existing buildings in the city include the bell and Drum Tower, the former site of Yili general’s residence, the Confucian temple, the government office, and the Russian consulate. Under the joint action of natural and human factors, the north wall site of Huiyuan new site is seriously damaged, and the main types of diseases are collapse, crack, foundation excavation and concave, gully, cave, biological disease, artificial damage, surface erosion, vegetation development on the wall top, etc. Through semi-quantitative statistical analysis of various diseases developed in the site, it can be seen that cracks, collapses, gullies and caves on top of the wall are the most important diseases, which are the most harmful to the site. At present, the site disease is serious, and the damage is developing and continuing. It is suggested to carry out the protection and reinforcement project of the site as soon as possible.