出生顺序与总体幸福感：有调节的中介模型

Birth Order and General Well-Being: A Moderated Mediation Model

摘要: 目的：为了探讨出生顺序对总体幸福感的影响机制，并考察社会支持与同胞数量在影响机制中发挥的作用。方法：通过网络发放问卷，对178名来自全国各地的60后~00后被试采用总体幸福感量表(GWB)、社会支持量表(SSRS)进行调查。结果：1) 出生顺序对总体幸福感的直接预测作用不显著(β = −2.90, t = −1.75, p > 0.05)。2) 当引入社会支持这一中介变量后，出生顺序对总体幸福感的预测作用开始变得显著(β = −2.73, t = −1.98, p < 0.05)。3) “出生顺序→社会支持→总体幸福感”这一模型的前半条路径和直接路径均受到同胞数量的调节(总体幸福感：β = 5.85, t = 3.18, p < 0.05，社会支持：β = 3.74, t = 4.24, p < 0.001)。结论：出生顺序与幸福感的关系通过社会支持来发挥作用，且在这一过程中，存在同胞数量的差异，具体表现为与独生子和多胎同胞数量的个体相比，出生顺序对“二胎”同胞数量个体的社会支持和总体幸福感影响更大。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the influence mechanism of birth order on overall well-being, and to investigate the role of social support and the number of siblings in the influence mechanism. Methods: Questionnaires were distributed through the Internet, and 178 post-60s-00s from all over the country were surveyed using the Global Well-Being Scale (GWB) and Social Support Scale (SSRS). Results: 1) The direct predictive effect of birth order on overall well-being was not significant (β = −2.90, t = −1.75, p > 0.05). 2) When the mediating variable of social support is introduced, the predictive effect of birth order on overall happiness becomes significant (β = −2.73, t = −1.98, p < 0.05). 3) The first half path and direct path of the model of “birth order → social support → general well-being” are both regulated by the number of siblings (general well-being: β = 5.85, t = 3.18, p < 0.05, social support: β = 3.74, t = 4.24, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The relationship between birth order and well-being plays a role through social support, and in this process, there are differences in the number of siblings. The specific manifestation is that compared with individuals with only one child and multiple siblings, the birth order affects “second-born” siblings. The social support and overall well-being of a large number of individuals have a greater impact.