银白杨树叶基活性碳的制备及其电化学性能研究

Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Leaf-Based Activated Carbon of Populus alba

摘要: 将生物质废弃物合理利用为可再生能源具有重要意义。树叶是一种可再生的生物质，本文以银白杨(Populus alba)树叶作为前驱体，经清洗、炭化、活化过程制备了树叶多孔碳(PALPC)，并通过改变碳化温度和活化条件，进一步研究不同方法制备的多孔碳材料电化学性能。结果表明，碳化温度为900℃，酸煮(浓硫酸和浓硝酸3:1 (wt))条件下，得到的PALPC电化学性能最优，在以6 M KOH作为电解质的三电极系统中，0.2 A/g电流密度下表现出110.2 F/g的高比电容和良好的倍率性能；5 A/g电流密度下，经过5000次充放电循环后，电容保持率为97.8%，表现出极佳的电化学稳定性。电化学性能表明，银白杨树叶可以作为一种新型生物质材料用于生产高性能超级电容器和低成本储能装置。

Abstract: The rational conversion of biomass waste into renewable energy is of great significance. In this paper, the renewable Populus alba leaves were used as the precursor, and the PALPC was successfully prepared by washing, carbonizing, and activating. At the same time, we analyzed the electrochemical performance of the PALPC prepared under different carbonization temperatures and activation methods. Results show that PALPC have the optimal electrochemical performance under the carbonization temperature of 900˚C with a H₂SO₄/HNO₃ ratio of 3 boiling. In a three- electrode system with 6 M KOH as the electrolyte, PALPC have a high specific capacitance of 110.2 F/g and good rate performance at a current density of 0.2 A/g. PALPC reveal robust cycling stability with 2.2% capacitance loss during 5000 cycles at a current density of 5 A/g. In summary, Populus alba leaves are a new type of biomass material used to produce high-performance supercapacitors and low-cost energy storage devices.