扎兰屯机场雷雨天气气候特征及对运行的影响

Climate Characteristics and Impact on Flight Volume in Zhalantun Airport

摘要: 利用扎兰屯机场 2018~2020年地面观测资料，统计分析了雷暴日数、雷暴时长、雷暴导致航班延误或取消架次，以及初雷终雷发生方位的长期变化特征，并统计分析每次导致雷暴发生的主要天气系统。结果表明：2018~2020年扎兰屯出现雷雨总时长147.3小时，年均为49.1小时，从每年五月开始出现雷暴，六月雷暴日数逐步增加，七月、八月上中旬雷暴活动最为频繁，八月下旬开始雷暴日数明显减少，东北冷涡、西风槽、低层偏东风是导致扎兰屯机场产生雷暴的三种主要天气形势，其中对机场运行影响较大的是东北冷涡背景下的雷暴，三年内共导致19班航班延误或取消，占受雷雨影响总架次的45%，因此统计分析不同天气类型下的雷暴特征及天气形势，对机场强对流预报及航班信息研判决策具有一定的指示意义。

Abstract: Using the ground observation data from 2018 to 2020, the number of thunderstorms, thunderstorm duration, flight delay or cancellation sorties, and long-term changes of initial thunder were statistically analyzed, and the main weather system causing each thunderstorm was analyzed. The results showed that the total duration of thunderstorms in the Zhalantun Airport was 147.3 hours, and the average annual rate is 49.1 hours. Thunderstorms begin in May of each year, the number of thunderstorm days gradually increases in June, the thunderstorm activity is the most frequent in July and mid-August, and the number of thunderstorm days has been significantly reduced since late August. The northeast cold vortex, the trough in westerlies, and the low layer of the east wind are the three main weather conditions that lead to thunderstorms at the Zhalantun Airport. Among them, the greater impact on the airport flight volume is the background of the thunderstorm in northeast cold vortex. A total of 19 flights were delayed or canceled within three years, accounting for 45% of the total sorties affected by thunderstorms. Therefore, the statistical analysis of thunderstorm characteristics and weather situation under different weather types has significance to the airport’s severe convection forecast and the decision of flight information.