干细胞在治疗糖尿病的应用和进展
Application and Progress of Stem Cells in the Treatment of Diabetes
DOI: 10.12677/BP.2021.114013, PDF,   
作者: 朱家臣, 凌 珏, 杨宇民：南通大学，教育部/江苏省神经再生重点实验室/神经再生协同创新中心，江苏 南通；黄 龑：南通大学，南通大学医学院，江苏 南通
关键词: 糖尿病；干细胞；胰岛β细胞；细胞治疗；内分泌细胞； Diabetes Mellitus； Stem Cell； Pancreatic Beta Cells； Cell Therapy； Endocrine Cell
摘要: 糖尿病是一种多因素疾病，影响全世界越来越多的患者。糖尿病分为1型和2型。2型糖尿病(T2DM)是一种代谢功能紊乱疾病，其特征是胰岛敏感性受损，胰岛素分泌相对不足；1型糖尿病(T1DM)是年轻患者中最常见的自身免疫性疾病，其特征是胰腺β细胞的功能损坏，胰岛素分泌绝对不足，身体变得高血糖。外源性给药不能模拟健康胰腺分泌的内源性胰岛素。同种异体胰岛移植已成为长期重建患者血糖正常调节的疗方法。但是这存在很多问题，供体严重不足、移植细胞体内无法长期存活、移植后需长期服用免疫抑制剂。干细胞诱导分化成β细胞成为可解决上述问题的有效方法之一，用于1型糖尿病的治疗。然而，要想干细胞在临床上治疗糖尿病，在这之前仍需要解决许多未解决的问题。在这里，我们讨论了从不同前体细胞中得到胰岛素生成细胞(IPCs)的方式以及干细胞的糖尿病疗法的当前研究进展和面临的问题和挑战。
Abstract: Diabetes is a multifactorial disease affecting an increasing number of patients worldwide. Diabetes is divided into type 1 and type 2. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by impaired islet sensitivity and relatively insufficient insulin secretion. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), the most common autoimmune disease in young patients, is characterized by functional impairment of beta cells in the pancreas, absolute deficiency of insulin secretion, and the body becoming hyperglycemic. Exogenous administration does not mimic endogenous insulin produced by a healthy pancreas. Islet allotransplantation has become a therapy for long-term reconstruction of normal glycemic regulation in patients. However, there are many problems, such as the serious shortage of donors, the inability of the transplanted cells to survive in vivo for a long time, and the need to take immunosuppressants for a long time after transplantation. The induction differentiation of stem cells into β cells is one of the effective methods to solve the above problems and is used in the treatment of type 1 diabetes. However, there are still many unanswered questions that need to be addressed before stem cells can be used to treat diabetes in the clinic. Here, we discuss the ways in which insulin-producing cells (IPCs) can be derived from different precursor cells, as well as the current research progress and problems and challenges facing stem cell therapies for diabetes.
文章引用：朱家臣, 凌珏, 黄龑, 杨宇民. 干细胞在治疗糖尿病的应用和进展[J]. 生物过程, 2021, 11(4): 109-122. https://doi.org/10.12677/BP.2021.114013

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