穆棱林区晚春鸟类组成特征和物种多样性

Bird Composition Characteristics and Species Diversity in Late Spring, Muling Forest Area

摘要: 为了掌握黑龙江省老爷岭南部穆棱林区鸟类组成特征和物种多样性，本研究于2021年4月末~5月初在穆棱林区随机选择13块生境样地，布设样线65条调查林栖鸟类；在鱼塘和水库随机设置鸟类观察点6处观察记录水鸟。此次调查共计记录到鸟类12目21科47种，其中雀形目鸟类16种；夏候鸟24种、留鸟14种、旅鸟8种和冬候鸟1种；调查发现的鸟类以古北型为主，共计22种，季风区型、中亚型较少，分别为2种和1种。13块生境样地共包含11种生境类型，其中冷杉林和栎树林在研究区域的面积分别占25.22%和17.26%，这2种生境中鸟类的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)分别为1.951和2.285、鸟类个体数量分别占21.26%和20.37%；鱼塘和水库面积仅占研究区域总面积的0.62%，但由于水域生境是水鸟的主要栖息场所，这2种生境的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)也较高，分别为1.405和2.166，鸟类个体数量共占25.30%。此外，对数量比例超过1%的鸟类和11种生境的聚类分析结果表明，在距离为15时穆棱林区常见鸟类可以分为4个伴生类群，生境可以分为4类。此次晚春季节调查记录到的鸟类数据，可为穆棱林区不同季节鸟类物种多样性研究提供基础数据。

Abstract: In order to understand the bird diversity in Muling forest area in the southern Laoyeling, Hei-longjiang Province, Chain, the survey on the bird species was conducted from late April to early May 2021, via 65 sample lines in 13 habitat sample plots. At the same time, 6 bird observation points were randomly set in fish pond and reservoir for observing and recording waterfowl. We recorded a toal of 47 bird species representing 12 orders and 21 families. Of all, 16 species were Passeriformes. There were 24 summer visitors, 14 species of residents, 8 passage migrants and 1 winter visitor. The survey found also that the predominant species of birds were palaearctic, with a total of 22 species, and the few were monsoon type and medium subtype, with 2 and 1 species respectively. The 13 habitat plots contained 11 habitat types, among which fir forest and oak forest accounted for 25.22% and 17.26% of the study area, respectively. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′) of birds in the two habitats was 1.951 and 2.285, respectively, and the number of individual birds accounted for 21.26% and 20.37%, respectively. Although the area of fish pond and reservoir only accounted for 0.62% of the total area of the study area, due to the water area was the main habitat of waterfowl, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′) of these two habitats was also high, which were 1.405 and 2.166 respectively, and the number of birds accounted for 25.30%. In addition. The cluster analysis of birds, using more than 1% population and 11 habitats, showed that, at the distance of 15, the common birds in Muling Forest could be divided into 4 associated groups and habitats could be divided into 4 broad categories. These results in this late spring survey can provide basic data for the study of seasonal bird species diversity in Muling forest area.