基于HYSPLIT模式的北京两场一次沙尘暴过程探究及气象服务保障分析

Research on a Dust Storm Process and Analysis of Meteorological Service Guarantee in Beijing Capital International Airport and Beijing Daxing International Airport Based on HYSPLIT Model

摘要: 利用机场报文、ECWMF-ERA5再分析、北京市环境监测保护中心的PM10浓度等资料，运用HYSPLIT模式对2021年3月15日北京首都机场和大兴机场发生的一次强沙尘过程进行了研究，并结合对航空运行的影响探讨了此次过程的气象服务保障情况。结果表明：此次沙尘过程是由对流层中低层强干冷平流引导蒙古气旋后部冷高压东移南下导致的。冷高压前沿位置偏南，影响大兴机场的沙尘路径也偏南，同时沙尘翻山后受地面偏北气流影响向南扩散，使得大兴机场不仅出现大风天气，还出现了沙暴天气。影响首都机场的沙尘路径偏北，因此首都机场以大风天气为主。此次过程中，各级民航气象部门对大兴机场沙暴天气的预报前期较为乐观，但由于前期对大风的预报结论准确，过程中服务及时有效，此次沙尘过程对首都和大兴机场的航空运行影响相对可控。

Abstract: Based on the data of airport reports, ECWMF-ERA5 reanalysis datasets and PM10 concentration data of Beijing Environmental Monitoring and Protection Center, a heavy dust process occurred in Beijing capital international airport and Beijing Daxing international airport on March 1, 2021 was studied by using HYSPLIT model. And the meteorological service guarantee was also discussed in combination with the impact on civil aviation. The results showed that the dust was sent by the cold anticyclone behind the Mongolia Cyclone which was led to move southward by the dry and cold advection in the lower troposphere. Front of cold anticyclone was located to the south, thus the dust path to Beijing Daxing international airport was to the south. At the same time, the dust spread southward after crossing the mountain under the influence of north wind, which resulted in not only high wind but also sandstorm in Beijing Daxing international airport. The path of dust to the Beijing capital international airport is further north. For this process, civil aviation meteorological departments are optimistic about the severity of the weather in Beijing Daxing international airport. But, due to the accurate prediction of high wind and timely and effective services, the impact of dust weather on civil aviation of two airports was limited.