西部地区吸引“双一流”高校毕业生就业影响因素与对策研究

The Factors and Countermeasures of Attracting “Double First-Class” College Graduates in Western China

摘要: 改革开放以来，西部地区与东部地区发展差距依然较大。要想解决我国区域人力资源失衡、缩小区域经济发展差距，人才是根本。“双一流”高校毕业生作为未来高层次人才后备军，对于提升人才队伍质量，推动地区经济社会发展有着重要作用。通过分析2019年112所“双一流”东、西部高校毕业生就业报告的相关数据发现：西部地区对本地“双一流”高校毕业生缺乏足够吸引力，对东部地区“双一流”高校毕业生的吸引力明显更差。由此，本研究采用问卷调查法，以西部地区代表城市重庆市“双一流”高校学生为例，发现西部生源更可能留在西部就业。愿意留西部就业的高校毕业生，个人情感需要和地区生活成本是吸引他们留在西部就业的重要原因；不愿意留西部就业的高校毕业生更看重经济水平和单位软环境、自我发展空间等因素。在此基础上，提出了重点关注西部生源、充分考虑个人需要和单位软环境、分群体制定差异化、精准化人才政策等建议。

Abstract: Since the reform and opening up, the development gap between the western region and the east-ern region is still large. In order to solve the imbalance of regional human resources and narrow the gap of regional economic development, talents are the fundamental. “Double First-Class” col-lege graduates, as the reserve force of high-level talents in the future, play an important role in improving the quality of talent team and promoting regional economic and social development. By analyzing the relevant data of the employment reports of 112 “Double First-Class” eastern and western college graduates in 2019, it is found that the western region lacks sufficient attraction to local “Double First-Class” college graduates, and the attraction to “Double First-Class” college graduates in the eastern region is significantly worse. Therefore, this study uses the questionnaire method to take the “Double First-Class” college students in Chongqing, a representative city in the western region, as an example, and finds that the western students are more likely to stay in the western region for employment. For college graduates who are willing to stay in the west for employment, their personal emotional needs and regional living costs are important reasons that attract them to stay in the west for employment; college graduates who are unwilling to stay for employment in the west pay more attention to factors such as economic level, unit soft environment, self-development space and so on. On this basis, it puts forward some suggestions, such as focusing on the source of students in the west, giving full consideration to individual needs and unit soft environment, and formulating differentiated and accurate talent policies by groups.