2014~2016年冬季四川省雾霾时空分析

Study of Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Haze over Sichuan in Winter of 2014~2016

摘要: 四川已成为全国四大雾霾区之一，探求雾霾的产生因素，保护环境已刻不容缓。本文利用中国环境保护部数据中心的四川八个重要城市站点提供的2014/2015和2015/2016两个冬季AQI指数资料，对四川省雾霾天气时空变化特征进行了分析，并以2016年1月份的一次雾霾过程为例，结合再分析资料，分析了空气质量指数、天气现象、风场和大气层结对四川雾霾天气演变的影响。除攀枝花外，其余七站的空气质量指数的变化趋势基本相同，空气质量指数的峰值过程均出现在12月中下旬和次年的1月份，但峰值出现时间存在相对的滞后性。空间分析进一步表明AQI指数随着站点地理位置由北向南的变化呈现出明显的滞后性，且峰值均出现在东南部地区，这与城市的经济发展等有一定的联系。成都市2016年1月一次雾霾天气过程的个例分析表明：除攀枝花市外其他七个城市的空气质量指数在整个过程中呈周期性变化。雾霾先从四川北部产生，然后向南发展，而且良好天气也是由北部向南部扩散，重污染区主要集中在成都地区和四川东南部地区。对比过程的四个阶段，雾霾天气时平均最高温度与平均最低温度均高于非雾霾过程，风场和逆温层的发展演变与雾霾天气的发生发展及减弱有着直接联系。

Abstract: Sichuan has become one of the four major haze areas in China. It is urgent to explore the production factors of haze and protect the environment. Using the AQI (Air Quality Index) indexes of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016, this paper analysed the characteristics of the haze weather of Sichuan province. Then taking the primary haze process in winter of January 2016 as an example, combined with the reanalysis data, the impact of air quality index, weather phenomenon, wind field and atmospheric layer on the evolution of haze weather in Sichuan was analyzed. Except for Panzhihua, the AQI index of the other seven stations is basically the same. The peak process of the air quality index all appeared in mid to late December and January, but the peak occurrence time has a relative lag. Spatial analysis further shows that the AQI index shows a significant lag with the geography of the site from north to south, and the peaks all appear in the southeast, which is related to the economic development of the city. The individual analysis of the haze weather process in Chengdu in January 2016 shows that the AQI of seven other cities except Panzhihua changes periodically throughout the whole process. Haze is first produced from northern Sichuan and then south, and the good weather also spreads from north to south, and the heavy pollution area is mainly concentrated in Chengdu and southeast Sichuan. Compared with the four stages of the process, the average highest temperature and the average lowest temperature in the haze weather are higher than that of the non-haze process. The development and evolution of the wind field and temperature inversion layer are directly related to the occurrence, development and weakening of the haze weather.