人工智能人格权侵权责任规制困境与出路

On the AI’s Liability for Infringement of Personal Right: Predicament and Outlet of the Regulation

摘要: 随着科技的日新月异，人工智能已经逐渐走入千家万户，对人们的生活带来很大的影响，当然也在法律层面带来极为深刻和长远的挑战。文章从人工智能技术对人格权造成的侵权责任冲突与挑战的现状出发，分析问题产生的社会根源：技术迭代与立法滞后的冲突，其他社会规范调整之难，行为自由与权益保护的平衡矛盾，以及责任主体认定困难等综合因素作用的结果。笔者通过考查欧盟、美国和日本具有前瞻性和影响力的人工智能立法规范和制度设计，并结合我国技术发展水平和社会实际状况，提出了应有限地赋予人工智能民事主体地位，建立和完善人工智能相关责任保险机制，明确APP数据爬取技术和AI换脸技术对个人信息使用的边界和法律规制的建议。

Abstract: With the rapid development of science and technology, artificial intelligence has gradually entered thousands of households, which has a great impact on people’s lives, and of course, it also brings extremely profound and long-term challenges at the legal level. Starting from the current situation of the conflict and challenge of tort liability caused by artificial intelligence technology to personality rights, this article analyzes the origin of the problem from the society’s view: the conflict between technological iteration and legislative lag, the difficulty of adjusting other social norms, the balance contradiction between freedom of behavior and rights protection, and the result of comprehensive factors such as difficulty in identifying the responsible subject. By examining the forward-looking and influential artificial intelligence legislation and system design of the European Union, the United States, and Japan, and combining China’s technological development level and social actual conditions, the author proposes that artificial intelligence should be given the civil subject status in a limited way, the liability insurance mechanism related to artificial intelligence should be established and improved, and the boundary and legal regulation of APP data crawling technology and AI face changing technology on the use of personal information should be clarified.