农村留守初中生人格特征分析

Analysis of Personality Characteristics of Rural Left-Behind Junior High School Students

摘要: 目的：了解农村留守初中生的人格特征现状及影响因素。方法：采用艾森克人格问卷儿童版(EPQ-C)，对291名农村留守初中生展开调查。结果：1) 农村留守初中生典型精神质占26.6%，典型情绪不稳定性占20.7%，典型内倾型和典型外倾型各占27.8%、11.8%；2) 不同性别和年级的农村留守初中生在内外向、情绪稳定性和精神质维度上均差异显著；3) 独生子女的农村留守初中生内外向维度得分显著低于非独生子女的；4) 祖辈照顾和其他人或亲戚照顾的农村留守初中生的精神质得分显著高于妈妈照顾，其他人或亲戚照顾的农村留守初中生的精神质得分显著高于爸爸照顾；5) 农村留守初中生的内外向、情绪稳定性和精神质维度得分均显著高于非留守初中生。结论：1) 在农村留守初中生中，女生更外向且情绪不稳定，男生的独立性和攻击性更强；2) 不是独生子女的农村留守初中生比是独生子女的农村留守初中生更外向；3) 初三年级的学习嵌入度更高，在困难面前更加乐观；初二年级的农村留守初中生情绪更不稳定、性格古怪孤僻和易叛逆；4) 祖辈照顾或其他人、亲戚照顾的农村留守初中生比父母其中一方照顾的农村留守初中生更缺乏是非、情感，进攻性强；5) 相较于农村非留守初中生，留守初中生更为外向，情绪不稳定和易感到孤独，出现典型内外向、典型情绪不稳定和典型精神质的表现。

Abstract: Objective: To understand the personality characteristics and influencing factors of the rural left-behind junior high school students. Methods: The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire for Children (EPQ-C) was used to investigate 291 rural left-behind junior high school students. Re-sults: 1) The typical mentality of rural left-behind junior high school students accounted for 26.6%, the typical emotional instability accounted for 20.7%, the typical introverted type and the typical extroverted type accounted for 27.8% and 11.8% respectively; 2) Rural left-behind junior high school students of different genders and grades have significant differences in introversion, emotional stability and mental quality; 3) The introversion and extroversion scores of the rural left-behind students who were the only child were greatly lower than those who were not; 4) The mentality scores of the rural left-behind junior high students taken care of by their grandparents and other relatives were hugely higher than those living with their mothers. The mentality scores of students cared by other people or relatives were remarkably higher than those living with their fathers; 5) The rural left-behind students had greatly higher scores on introversion and extroversion, emotional stability, and mental quality than their counterparts who were not left-behind. Conclusion: 1) Among the rural left-behind junior high school students, girls were more outgoing and emotionally unstable, and boys were more independent and aggressive; 2) The rural left-behind junior high school students who were not only children were more outgoing than those who were only children; 3) The third grade students had higher learning embeddings and were more optimistic in the face of difficulties. The second grade students were more emotionally unstable, eccentric and rebellious; 4) The rural left-behind students taken care of by their grandparents or other people or relatives were inferior in the sense of judgment and more offensive than those taken care of by their parents; 5) Compared with the rural non-left-behind junior high school students, the left-behind junior high school students were more outgoing, emotionally unstable and feeling more lonely, not easy to adapt to the environment, showing typical introversion, typical emotional instability, and typical mentality.