共情量表和同情量表中文版在孤独症儿童中的应用

Application of Chinese Version of the Measure of Empathy and the Measure of Sympathy among the Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

摘要: 目的：检验共情量表(Measure of Empathy, ME)和同情量表(Measure of Sympathy, MS)中文版在中国孤独症(Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD)儿童中的信效度。方法：采用整群抽样法，使用ME、MS及效标问卷对130名ASD儿童和311名年龄相匹配的正常发育儿童施测，间隔三周后对101名ASD儿童重测。结果：对ME和MS进行验证性因子分析，结果显示ME的两因子模型(χ²/df = 1.778, CFI = 0.966, NNFI = 0.950, SRMR = 0.053, RMSEA = 0.077)和MS的单因子模型(χ²/df = 2.605, CFI = 0.990, NNFI = 0.969, SRMR = 0.017, RMSEA = 0.111)均拟合良好，ME包括认知共情(Cognitive Empathy, CE)和情绪共情(Affective Empathy, AE)两个维度；ASD儿童的ME、CE、AE及MS得分均低于普通儿童(均P < 0.001)；ME、CE、AE及MS在受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)下的面积AUC分别是0.82、0.90、0.62、0.92；ASD儿童的ME、AE及MS得分均与人际反应指针量表的个人痛苦维度显著正相关(r = 0.27~0.31)，且MS得分与亲社会行为量表的利他行为维度呈正相关(r = 0.38)，CE得分与个人痛苦、ME和CE得分与利他行为呈边缘显著正相关(P = 0.063~0.075，均r = 0.16)。ME和MS的Cronbach α系数均高于0.80，重测信度也可接受(r = 0.52~0.71)。结论：ME和MS在中国ASD儿童样本中具有良好的信效度。

Abstract: Objective: To test the psychometric properties of Chinese version of the Measure of Empathy (ME) and the Measure of Sympathy (MS) in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Methods: 130 Chinese children with ASD and 311 typically developing Chinese children matched with autistic group in age were investigated with a wide survey including ME, MS and the criterion measures. 101 autistic participants were retested after 3 weeks. Results: Results of confirmatory factor analyses supported both the 2-factor solution (Cognitive Empathy, CE; Affective Empathy, AE) of the ME (χ²/df = 1.778, CFI = 0.966, NNFI = 0.950, SRMR = 0.053, RMSEA = 0.077) and the single factor solution (sympathy) of the MS (χ²/df = 2.605, CFI = 0.990, NNFI = 0.969, SRMR = 0.017, RMSEA = 0.111). The scores of ME, CE, AE and MS were lower in autism group than in normal control group (Ps < 0.001). The mean area under the curve (AUC) of ME, CE, AE and MS was 0.82, 0.90, 0.62, 0.92 (Ps < 0.001) respectively, and their optimal cut-off points were found at 26.5, 14.5, 14.5, 13.5 respectively, and had high sensitivity and specificity except AE. The scores of ME, AE and MS were positively correlated with the score of personal distress of Interpersonal Reactivity Index (r = 0.27~0.31), and MS was also positively related with altruistic behavior of Prosocial Tendencies Measure (r = 0.38), while there were marginal significant positive correlations between CE and personal distress (P = 0.075, r = 0.16), ME and altruistic behavior (P = 0.063, r = 0.16), CE and altruistic behavior (P = 0.075, r = 0.16). Cronbach’s α reliability of all subscales and entire scale of the ME, and the MS was more than 0.80, and their test-retest reliability was also acceptable (r = 0.52~0.71). Conclusion: ME and MS have good reliability and validity in Chinese children with ASD.