妊娠期糖尿病影响子代发生肥胖的表观遗传学机制研究进展

Advances in the Epigenetic Mechanisms by Which Gestational Diabetes Affects the Development of Obesity in the Offspring

摘要: 妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者子宫内高血糖状态被认为是导致子代发生肥胖的重要危险因素之一。GDM对子代肥胖的影响可能起源于胎儿时期，并可能会延续到婴儿早期(0~3个月)，而且有极大的可能会使子代儿童青少年时期及成年时期肥胖的发生风险增加。GDM可通过改变子代早期发育过程中的表观遗传学修饰进而影响个体肥胖的发生发展。对国内外最新的研究进行综合后发现，GDM致子代肥胖的可能的表观遗传调控方式包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、非编码RNA调控，其中大部分研究主要集中在DNA甲基化。目前，对于GDM患者组蛋白修饰异常及miRNA表达变化是否会导致子代发生肥胖的关系尚未明确。该文对当前GDM影响子代发生肥胖的可能表观遗传学机制进行综述，以期为研究GDM引起子代发生肥胖的机制提供借鉴。

Abstract: The effects of GDM on offspring obesity may originate in the fetal period and may continue into early infancy (0~3 months) and have a high potential to increase the risk of obesity in the offspring during childhood and adolescence and into adulthood. GDM can affect the occurrence and development of individual obesity by changing the epigenetic modification in the early development of offspring. A comprehensive review of recent domestic and international studies revealed that the possible epigenetic modalities of obesity in the offspring of GDM include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, with most of the studies focusing on DNA methylation. The relationship between abnormal histone modifications and changes in miRNA expression in GDM patients leading to the development of obesity in the offspring is not yet clear. This article reviews the current possible epigenetic mechanisms by which GDM affects the development of obesity in the offspring, with the aim of providing insights into the mechanisms by which GDM causes obesity in the offspring.