基于我国紫外线指数时空分布特征的防晒产品使用研究

Study on the Use of Sunscreen Products Based on the Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of UV Index in China

摘要: 本文基于2016年1月至2020年12月欧洲航天局TEMIS的逐日地表紫外线指数数据分析了我国地表紫外线时空分布特征和我国主要城市群地表紫外线时空分布特征。并结合WHO相关防晒标准，给出了基于我国紫外线指数时空分布特征的防晒产品科学使用指南。主要结论如下：1) 我国紫外线指数分布同期高纬地区低于低纬地区；西部地区整体高于东部整体，青藏高原四季紫外线指数都高于四周地区。夏季七月全年紫外线指数最高，冬季十二月全年紫外线指数最低，春季紫外线指数高于秋季紫外线指数。2) 我国七大城市群中的主要城市，除北京外，上海、深圳等城市每年需涂抹SPF15+防晒产品的天数均超过一半。3) 针对室外活动，夏季，北京市和上海市每月分别有24天和27天需涂抹SPF15+防晒产品。冬季，北京十二月有24天左右出门无需防晒，一、二月有超过15天无需防晒；上海每月只有2~3天出门无需防晒。深圳市全年都建议至少使用SPF15+防护等级防晒产品。四月至八月其紫外线指数均值可长期维持在11 (25 nW/m²)以上，外出需加强防晒工作。

Abstract: In this paper, we analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of surface UV in China and that in major urban groups in China based on the daily surface UV index data from TEMIS of European Space Agency from January 2016 to December 2020. And combined with WHO related sun protection standards, a scientific use guide of sun protection products based on the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of UV index in China was given. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The distribution of UV index in China is lower in high latitudes than in low latitudes during the same period; the western region as a whole is higher than the eastern region as a whole, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a special region whose UV index is higher than the surrounding areas in all four seasons. The annual UV index is highest in July in summer and lowest in December in winter, and the spring UV index is significantly higher than the autumn UV index. 2) The major cities in China’s seven major city clusters, except Beijing, Shanghai, Zhengzhou, Xi’an, Wuhan, Chengdu and Shenzhen all need to apply SPF15+ sunscreen products for more than half of the days each year. 3) For outdoor activities, in summer, Beijing and Shanghai need to apply SPF15+ sunscreen products for 24 and 27 days per month, respectively. In winter, Beijing has about 24 days in December when you go out without sun protection and more than 15 days in January and February when you don’t need sun protection; Shanghai has only 2~3 days per month when you go out without sun protec-tion measures. In Shenzhen, it is recommended to use at least SPF15+ sunscreen products throughout the year. Especially from April to August, the average UV index can remain above 11 (25 mW/m²) for a long period of time, and sun protection should be strengthened when going out.