不同产地桑螵蛸药材的质量研究

Study on the Quality of Mantis Egg-Case from Different Producing Areas

摘要: 目的：研究中药桑螵蛸的药材质量。方法：参照2020年版《中国药典》相关方法对不同产地桑螵蛸药材进行性状鉴别、显微鉴别、薄层色谱鉴别和紫外定性研究，并分别测定了不同产地桑螵蛸浸出物、水分、总灰分的含量。结果：药材性状差异分析中，不同产地桑螵蛸药材的长度和宽度都有极显著性差异(p < 0.01)；不同产地桑螵蛸药材的厚度有显著性差异(p < 0.05)；安徽产桑螵蛸质量较其他产地更佳。桑螵蛸的显微鉴别表明，桑螵蛸卵鞘中含有枸橼酸钙柱晶，且卵鞘内层的枸橼酸钙柱晶较卵鞘外层更多，该枸橼酸钙柱晶可作为桑螵蛸的指标特征。桑螵蛸药材的最佳提取方法是热浸法，浸出物测定的最佳方法是以50%乙醇为溶剂的热浸法，四个产地的桑螵蛸浸出物测定中含量最高的是安徽产(14.27%)，最低的是四川产(8.98%)。水分低于15.0%，总灰分低于8.0%，水分与总灰分均符合药典规定。薄层色谱法和紫外分光光度法测定结果表明，四个产地的桑螵蛸药材均含有酪氨酸，但其吸收峰的位置有差异，表明不同产地化学成分的组成略有差异。结论：不同产地桑螵蛸药材在大小上存在明显差异，其可作为桑螵蛸药材的商品规格划分等级评价药材质量的依据。枸橼酸钙柱晶可作为桑螵蛸药材鉴别的特征性显微指标。本实验建立的桑螵蛸药材浸出物测定法(50%乙醇热浸法)操作简单，能反映出一定的化学成分类别，可作为桑螵蛸药材质量控制的方法。薄层色谱和紫外分光光度法对不同产地桑螵蛸进行定性研究，表明四个产地的桑螵蛸药材均为正品，但不同产地的化学成分略有差异。

Abstract: Objective: To study the quality of Mantis egg-case. Methods: According to the relevant methods of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition), the character identification, microscopic identification, TLC identification and UV qualitative study of Mantis egg-case from different producing areas were carried out, and the contents of extract, water and total ash of Mantis egg-case from different producing areas were determined respectively. Results: There were significant differences in the length and width of Mantis egg-case from different habitats (p < 0.01). There was significant difference in the thickness of Mantis egg-case from different producing areas (p < 0.05). The quality of Mantis egg-case produced in Anhui is better than that of other producing areas. The microscopic identifica-tion of Mantis egg-case shows that the egg sheath of Mantis egg-case contains calcium citrate co-lumnar crystals, and the calcium citrate columnar crystals in the inner layer of egg sheath are more than those in the outer layer of egg sheath. The calcium citrate columnar crystals can be used as the index characteristics of Mantis egg-case. The best extraction method of Mantis egg-case is hot leaching, and the best determination method of extract is hot leaching with 50% ethanol as solvent. The highest content of mulberry Mantis egg-case extract from four producing areas is produced in Anhui (14.27%) and the lowest is produced in Sichuan (8.98%). The moisture content is lower than 15.0%, the total ash content is lower than 8.0%, and the moisture content and total ash content meet the provisions of the Pharmacopoeia. The results of TLC and UV spectrophotometry showed that Mantis egg-case from four producing areas contained tyrosine, but the positions of their absorption peaks were different, indicating that the composition of chemical components from different producing areas was slightly different. Conclusion: There are obvious differences in the size of Mantis egg-case from different producing areas, which can be used as the basis for commodity specification classification and quality evaluation of Mantis egg-case. Calcium citrate columnar crystal can be used as a characteristic microscopic index for the identification of Mantis egg-case. The extraction determination method of Mantis egg-case (50% ethanol hot leaching method) established in this experiment is simple, can reflect a certain chemical composition category, and can be used as a method for the quality control of Mantis egg-case. The qualitative study of Mantis egg-case from different producing areas by TLC and UV spectrophotometry showed that the Mantis egg-case from four producing areas was authentic, but the chemical composition of different producing areas is slightly different.