大同侗族家庭语言使用的代际差异——以张远灿家庭三代人的语言使用情况为个案

Intergenerational Differences in Language Use of Dong Families in Datong—A Case Study of Language Use of Three Generations of Zhang Yuancan’s Family

摘要: 大同侗族家庭语言使用具有明显的代际差异特征。文章以张远灿家庭三代人的语言使用情况为个案，采取民族志方法，通过现场记录、访谈转写和档案检验三个维度，发现代际差异的特征具体表现在以下六个方面：一是家庭通用语言由侗语转变为西南官话，二是多语能力呈下降趋势，三是母语水平呈下降趋势，四是语言习得顺序存在代际差异，五是语言习得过程存在代际差异，六是以语言为载体的口头传统文学的传承出现代际断裂。其成因与语言环境、学校教学用语和多方语言态度的变化有关。

Abstract: The language use of Dong families in Datong is characterized by obvious intergenerational differences. Taking the language use of three generations of Zhang Yuancan’s family as a case study, the article adopts an ethnography, using three dimensions: field notes, interview transcriptions and archival tests, and finds that intergenerational differences are characterized by the following six aspects: firstly, the change of the common language of the family from Kam language to Southwestern Mandarin; secondly, a declining trend in multilingualism; thirdly, a declining trend in the level of mother tongue; fourthly, intergenerational differences in the order of language acquisition; fifthly, intergenerational differences in the process of language acquisition; and sixthly, there is an intergenerational break in the transmission of oral traditional literature in the form of language. The reasons for this are related to changes in the language environment, the language used in schools and the attitudes of multiple speakers.