英汉显性非宾格结构句法–语义及句法–语篇界面比较研究

A Comparative Study of Surface Unaccusativity in English and Chinese at the Syntax-Semantics and Syntax-Discourse Interface

摘要: 非宾格假设将不及物动词进一步划分为非作格和非宾格动词两个次类，不及物动词的次类划分具有跨语言普遍性。语言中用来区分两种不及物动词次类的显性结构被称为显性非宾格结构。本文以英汉显性非宾格结构为研究对象，从界面视角探讨英汉显性非宾格结构的狭义和广义之分。本文认为区分英汉广义和狭义非宾格结构的理论依据在于显性非宾格结构的句法–语义以及句法–语篇界面特征的异同，在英汉两种语言中都只有狭义显性非宾格结构才是有效的非宾格诊断式，是区分非作格和非宾格动词的显性句法结构。

Abstract: According to the Unaccusative Hypothesis, intransitive verbs can be further classified into unergatives and unaccusatives. The classification of unaccusatives and unergatives is a cross-linguistically universal phenomenon. The syntactic configurations that are sensitive to the distinction of two types of intransitive verbs in the surface structure are called surface unaccusative diagnostics. The paper focuses on the diagnostics of surface unaccusativity in English and Chinese, and distinguishes the narrow and broad sense of the diagnostics from the perspective of interfaces. This paper holds that the distinction between unaccusative diagnostics in the broad and narrow sense lies in the different properties constraining the syntax-semantics and syntax-discourse interface. It suggests that only diagnostics in the narrow sense are valid diagnostics of surface unaccusativity, which is sensitive to the classification of unergatives and unaccusatives in both English and Chinese.