亲子依恋对子女社会适应的影响——基于独立及整合假说

The Influence of Parent-Child Attachment on Children’s Social Adaptation—Independence and Integrative Hypothesis

摘要: 亲子依恋是父母与子女之间形成的最初情感联结，作为情绪社会化的开端，对个体社会适应具有重要意义。亲子依恋安全性与未来适应性发展结果之间存在关联，尤其是母子依恋和父子依恋对个体行为适应、环境适应、人际适应及自我适应存在影响。母子依恋在生命早期发挥主要作用，随着个体年龄的增长，母子和父子依恋对子女社会适应的不同方面或同一方面的不同程度存在独立影响。此外，二者依恋安全性的不同组合对个体社会适应的共同影响也是不同的，而且与一方父母的安全依恋对另一方的非安全依恋存在补偿作用。本文借助独立假说、整合假说以及家庭系统理论，为理解亲子依恋对子女适应性发展的影响机制提供了解释。未来应该关注适应性发展的积极方面，继续探究亲子依恋的联合效应对适应性不同领域的影响，探究家庭系统中的多元家庭关系对适应性发展的相对影响，通过保护性因素改善危险性因素带来的不良适应性问题，关注文化背景、测量主体在其中的影响差异。

Abstract: Parent-child attachment is the initial emotional bond between parents and children. As the beginning of emotional socialization, it is of great significance to individual social adaptation. There is a correlation between the safety of parent-child attachment and future adaptive development results, especially the effects of mother-child attachment and father-child attachment on individual behavioral adaptation, environmental adaptation, interpersonal and self adaptation. Mother-child attachment plays a major role in early. With the growth of age, mother-child and father-child attachment have independent influence on different or different degrees of same aspects of children’s social adaptation. In addition, different integration of attachment security has different effects on individual social adaptation, and secure attachment of one parent compensates for insecure attachment of the other. Based on the independence hypothesis, integrative hypothesis and family system theory, this paper provides an explanation for understanding the mechanism of parent-child attachment on children’s adaptive development. Future studies should focus on the positive aspects of adaptability, continue to explore the joint effect of parent-child attachment influence on the adaptability of different fields, investigate diverse family relationships under the family system of the relative influence of adaptive development, improve the poor adaptability of risk factors through the protective factors, pay close attention to the differences of cultural background and the main body.