论马克思和恩格斯对施蒂纳伦理学利己主义的批判

On Marx’s and Engels’s Criticism of Stirner’s Egoism

摘要: 人类历史的第一个前提就是有生命的个体的人的存在，人就是历史唯物主义的前提，这里的人指的是处在一定条件下的、现实的、可以通过经验观察到的发展着的人，而不是抽象的、与世隔绝的人。基于这种能动的生活过程之上的历史唯物主义，从而就和那种基于僵死事实的堆积之上的抽象的经验论，以及将历史看成是主体的想象活动的唯心论，截然地区分了开来。这种区分不是基于思辨的基础上的，而是基于对现实中的个人及其实践活动的考察之上的。

Abstract: The first premise of human history is the existence of individual human beings. Human beings are the premise of historical materialism. People here refer to development under certain conditions, reality, and observable through experience. People are not abstract or isolated. The historical materialism based on this dynamic life process is thus completely distinguished from the abstract empiricism based on the accumulation of facts and the idealism that regards history as the subject's imaginative activity. This distinction is not based on speculation, but on the investigation of individuals and their practical activities in reality.