胎盘不同结构间充质干细胞生物学特性研究进展
Progress in Research of Biological Characteristics of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Different Placental Structures
DOI: 10.12677/ACM.2021.1112853, PDF,   
作者: 袁一暄：大连医科大学，辽宁 大连；山东省青岛市市立医院妇产科，山东 青岛；陶 红#, 李 秀：山东省青岛市市立医院妇产科，山东 青岛
关键词: 间充质干细胞；胎盘；生物学特性；Mesenchymal Stem Cells； Placenta； Biological Characteristics
摘要: 近些年来，随着干细胞的基础知识和临床应用经验的不断积累，科研人员发现间充质干细胞具有独特的特性包括较强的增殖能力、多向分化潜能、免疫调节特性以及免疫抑制特性。间充质干细胞获取的来源有很多，例如骨髓、脂肪组织、脐带血和胎盘。其中，研究最多的间充质干细胞的来源为骨髓，但骨髓的采集是一种有创性操作，且随着捐献者年龄的增长能采集到的细胞数量也随之减少。胎盘在产妇生产之后一般会被丢弃，但同时胎盘中存在丰富的干细胞，通过一定的方法可以获得充足的间充质干细胞。胎盘存在多层结构，每种组织来源的间充质干细胞也存在着不同。本文主要对胎盘不同结构来源的间充质干细胞在增殖能力、多向分化潜能、免疫调节特性以及免疫抑制等生物学特性方面进行综述。
Abstract: In recent years, with the continuous accumulation of basic knowledge and clinical application experience of stem cells, researchers have found that mesenchymal stem cells have unique characteristics, including strong proliferation ability, multidirectional differentiation potential, immunoregulatory and immunosuppressive properties. There are many sources of mesenchymal stem cells, such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord blood and placenta. The most studied source of mesenchymal stem cells is bone marrow, but bone marrow harvesting is an invasive procedure and the number of cells collected decreases as the donor ages. The placenta is generally discarded after childbirth, but at the same time, there are abundant stem cells in the placenta, and sufficient mesenchymal stem cells can be obtained through certain methods. The placenta has multi-layer structure, and each tissue comes from different mesenchymal stem cells. This article reviews biological characteristics of the mesenchymal stem cells from each placental layer, such as proliferative ability, multidirectional differentiation potential, immunoregulation and immunosuppression.
文章引用：袁一暄, 陶红, 李秀. 胎盘不同结构间充质干细胞生物学特性研究进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2021, 11(12): 5767-5777. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2021.1112853

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