邛崃天台山景区水质现状分析与评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Water Quality in Tiantai Mountain Scenic Area

摘要: 为了解旅游开发和人类活动对天台山景区水环境质量的影响，选取景区内文井江、金龙河、白沫江3条主要河流的地表水及高何镇、天井村2个代表性村镇的地下水为研究对象，对其水质现状进行了采样分析，并采用内梅罗污染指数法分别对地表水和地下水进行水质评价。分析结果表明，3条主要河流的COD、BOD均≤I类地表水限值，但金龙河下游(W₂)的COD、BOD均接近I类地表水限值，主要原因可能是金龙河是在景区主干线上，河岸两侧有多处酒店和憩息点，生活污染等人为影响明显；六个监测位点的总磷超标1.83~2.5倍，可能是由于农用磷肥和含磷农药面源污染及含磷洗衣服粉污水排放所致；文井江下游(W₆)重金属铜含量达0.08 mg/L，而金龙江和白沫江下游汞超标分别为1.1倍和1.8倍，且白沫江下游(W₄)有砷检出，可能是景区多处路面升级改造和河道加固等土建施工，河道周边土壤和岩石在河水中溶解所致。景区三条河流水质的内梅罗指数P_综为1.52，系轻污染。由此可见，天台山的水质环境明显受到破坏，需要对该区域的水体进行进一步严格治理与保护。同时也为我国其他同类景区水环境调查提供一定的方法借鉴。

Abstract: In order to understand the impact of tourism development and human activities on the water environment quality of Tiantai Mountain scenic spot, the surface water of Wenjing River, Jinlong River and Baimo River and the groundwater of Gaohe town and Tianjing village were selected as the research objects. The water quality of surface water and groundwater was analyzed, and evaluated by Nemero pollution index method. The results show that the COD and BOD of the three main rivers are less than the I class surface water limit value, but the COD and BOD of the lower reaches of Jinlong River (W₂) are close to the class I surface water limit. The main reason may be that Jinlong river is on the main line of the scenic spot, and there are many hotels and rest spots on both sides of the river bank, so the human influence of domestic pollution is obvious. The total phosphorus of the six monitoring sites exceeded the standard by 1.83~2.5 times, which may be caused by the non-point source pollution of agricultural phosphorus fertilizer and phosphorus containing pesticide and the discharge of wastewater containing phosphorus laundry powder. The heavy metal copper content in the lower reaches of Wenjing River (W₆) is 0.08 mg/l, while the mercury content in the lower reaches of Jinlong River and Baimo river is 1.1 and 1.8 times higher than the standard, respectively. And arsenic is detected in the lower reaches of Baimo River (W₄), which may be caused by the dissolution of soil and rock around the river during the construction of road upgrading and river reinforcement. The Nemero index of the three rivers in the scenic spot is 1.52, which is light pollution. Therefore, the water quality environment of Tiantai Mountain is obviously damaged, and it is necessary to further strictly control and protect the water body in this area. At the same time, it also provides some methods for other similar scenic spots in China.