海岛地区敬老院老年人营养不良现状与干预

Current Status of Malnutrition and Interventions for the Elderly in Geracomium in Islands Area

摘要: 目的：调查宁波大榭岛梅山岛敬老院老年人的营养现状，对营养不良因素进行分析。方法：针对90名65岁以上的大榭岛和梅山岛敬老院老年人采取问卷调查，采用微型营养评定(MNA)等方式判断其营养情况，并根据结果对老年人及陪护人员进行健康宣教，疾病防治，营养和康复指导。结果：90名老年人中营养正常者17例(18.89%)，存在营养不良风险者57例(63.33%)，营养不良患者16例(17.78%)；存在营养不良风险及营养不良的老年人共计73例，占81.11%。干预1年后根据日用药种类、饭量、BMI、上臂围、腓肠肌围、肱三头肌皮褶、腹围及血液中指标包括白蛋白、血红蛋白、甘油三酯、淋巴细胞等情况进行比较，除甘油三酯外，各指标均较干预前有所好转，差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论：海岛地区敬老院老年人的营养不良和营养不良风险发生比例居高，加强对敬老院老年人的整体管理和营养康复指导十分必要，预防为主，提升医养结合服务。

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the nutritional status of elderly patients in the geracomium of Daxie and Meishan Island, Ningbo. The factors of malnutrition were analyzed. METHODS: Questionnaires were administered to 90 older adults over 65 years in Daxie and Meishan geracomium, their nutritional status were judged by the mini nutritional assessment (MNA) and so on, and then giving healthy education, disease prevention and control, nutrition and rehabilitation guidance to the elderly and accompanying persons based on the results. RESULTS: 17 elderly patients were nutritionally normal (18.89%), those at risk of malnutrition were 57 (63.33%), malnutritional patients were 16 (17.78%), totally, the patients of risk of malnutrition and malnutrition were 73 (81.11%). After the intervention of 1 year, patients were compared according to the type of daily medication, meal size, BMI, upper arm circumference, gastrocnemius muscle circumference, triceps skinfold, abdominal circumference, and blood indicators including albumin, hemoglobin, triglycerides, and lymphocytes, all measures were better than before, except triglycerides, differences were considered statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The rates of malnutrition and the risk of malnutrition were found to be high among the elderly in the geracomium of Island Region, it is necessary to strengthen guidance on the overall management and nutritional rehabilitation of the elderly in the geracomium, prevention is better than cure, it is important to improve health care integration services.