论WTO改革中的决策机制

The Decision-Making Mechanism in WTO Reform

摘要: 自1995年WTO成立，世界经济和贸易格局已经发生了根本性的变化，但是WTO规则基本上没有变化。WTO的重要职能之一贸易谈判功能事实上几近瘫痪，至2019年12月WTO争端解决机构上诉机构停摆，隐藏在WTO后的种种矛盾直面爆发，改革成为当务之急。本文以WTO上诉机构为视角，结合WTO决策机制的现状，探究了协商一致难以达成以及投票机制未被激活的原因。通过比较分析双边自由贸易协定、“绿屋会议”和诸边协议三种突破WTO决策机制僵局的路径，认为我们中国在WTO改革中仍应坚持协商一致决策机制并结合缔结诸边协议的方式以灵活应对多边贸易谈判困局。

Abstract: Since the establishment of WTO in 1995, the world economy and trade patterns have changed fun-damentally, but WTO rules have remained largely unchanged. Recently, trade negotiation, one of the most important functions of WTO is almost not in effect. Until December 2019, the WTO dispute settlement body appellate body suspended, all kinds of contradictions broke out, reform has be-come an urgent task. From the perspective of the WTO Appellate Body, taking into account the cur-rent situation of the WTO decision-making mechanism, this paper explores the reasons why con-sensus is difficult to reach and the voting mechanism has not been activated. Through a compara-tive analysis of the three ways to break through the deadlock in the WTO decision-making mecha-nism, the bilateral free trade agreement, the “Green House Conference” and the plurilateral agree-ment, it is believed that China should still adhere to the consensus decision-making mechanism in the WTO reform and flexibly cope with the dilemma of multilateral trade negotiations in combina-tion with the conclusion of plurilateral agreements.