楚雄州近20年景观格局时空变化研究

Study of the Temporal and Spatial Changes of Landscape Pattern in Chuxiong Prefecture in the Past 20 Years

摘要: 景观格局是景观组成单元的类型、数目及空间分布与配置。本研究基于遥感影像，以“楚雄州景观类型变化研究–景观结构变化研究–景观梯度变化研究”为主线对楚雄州景观格局时空变化进行分析，结论如下：1) 林地、草地及耕地是楚雄州的主要景观类型。耕地、林地及草地之间转换幅度相对较大，转换次数较频繁。耕地和林地主要分布在海拔1500~2500 m的区域；2) 楚雄州的景观空间格局的复杂性和受人类活动的干扰程度先增大后减小，楚雄州的景观聚散性呈减小趋势。楚雄州中部区域斑块数量较大、斑块密度较高、平均斑块面积指数较小，且空间布局复杂。东北部景观较完整、土地利用类型较单一、斑块破碎度低；3) 海拔1500~2000 m间的区域是楚雄州人类活动最频繁、活动强度最大、土地利用最丰富、复杂性最大和破碎度最高的区域。

Abstract: The landscape pattern is the type, number, and spatial distribution and configuration of the com-ponents of the landscape. Based on remote sensing images, this study analyzed the temporal and spatial changes of the landscape pattern in Chuxiong Prefecture with the main line of “Chuxiong Prefecture Landscape Type Change Study - Landscape Structure Change Study - Landscape Gradient Change Study”. The conclusions are as follows: 1) Woodland, grassland and cultivated land are the main landscape types in Chuxiong Prefecture. Cultivated land and woodland are mainly distributed in areas with an altitude of 1500~2500 m. The conversion range between cultivated land, woodland and grassland is relatively large, and the conversion frequency is more frequent; 2) the complexity of the landscape spatial pattern in Chuxiong Prefecture and the degree of interference by human activities first increase and then decrease, and the landscape density of Chuxiong Prefecture is decreasing. The central area has a large number of patches, a higher patch density, a smaller average patch area index, and a complex spatial layout. The landscape in the northeast is relatively complete, the land use type is relatively single, and the patch fragmentation is low; 3) the area between 1500~2000 m is the area with the most frequent human activities, the greatest activity intensity, the most abundant land use, the greatest complexity, and the highest degree of fragmentation in Chuxiong Prefecture.