智能汽车自动驾驶责任承担的法律规制

Legal Regulations on the Responsibilities of Autonomous Driving of Smart Cars

摘要: 随着科技的发展，智能汽车因具有自主性、高科技性而能部分甚至全部代替人类的驾驶活动。智能汽车代替的终归是人类劳动而不是人类本身，因而无需在现行法律中赋予其法律人格，法律解释作为让法律适应社会的重要手段，在此应当发挥积极的作用。实践中不妨将“系统设计者”纳入到产品责任中的生产者范畴，用“保有人”这一概念替代《道路交通安全法》中模糊的“机动车一方”，同时将其解释为使用人以及享有运营利益的所有人，从而形成以“产品责任”和“机动车驾驶人侵权责任”为核心的二元侵权责任体系，以此来维护受害人的合法权益。

Abstract: Smart cars can partially or even completely replace human driving activities due to their autonomy and high-tech nature, but they are ultimately replaced by human labor rather than humans them-selves. Therefore, there is no need to give them legal personality in the current laws. Law interpre-tation as an important way to adapt to society should play an active role. Incorporate “system de-signer” into the category of producers in product liability, replace the vague “motor vehicle party” in the Road Traffic Safety Law with the concept of “holder”, and at the same time interpret it as the us-er and enjoy the operation. Therefore, a dual tort liability system with “product liability” and “motor vehicle driver’s infringement liability” as the core is formed to protect the legitimate rights and in-terests of the victims.