白头叶猴出入夜宿地行为分析

Behavior Analysis on Entering and Leaving Sleeping Sites of White-Headed Langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus)

摘要: 2016年12月~2017年7月，采用焦点动物取样法对广西崇左白头叶猴国家级自然保护区内白头叶猴(Trachypithecus leucocephalus)的出入夜宿地行为开展研究。行为取样结果表明，白头叶猴离开夜宿地时，启动离开行为的个体主要是成年个体；进入夜宿地时，启动进入行为的个体主要是怀抱婴幼猴的成年雌性个体。猴群进出夜宿地的方向多样性没有显著差异。猴群夏季离开夜宿地启动时间最早为5:45:09，最晚为6:08:05，夏季猴群进入夜宿地启动时间最早为19:17:06，最晚时间为19:54:38。猴群冬季离开夜宿地启动时间最早为6:41:38，最晚为7:44:33，冬季猴群进入夜宿地启动时间最早为18:09:35，最晚时间为18:56:05。比较发现，猴群夏季离开夜宿地时间比冬季早，进入夜宿地时间比冬季晚。白头叶猴进入夜宿地平均时长为874.7 ± 418.2 s，离开夜宿地平均时长为517.7 s。整个猴群的出入洞时长以及不同个体平均出入洞持续时长没有显著季节性差异。本研究发现安全因素可能是影响白头叶猴出入夜宿地行为的主要因素。

Abstract: From December 2016 to July 2017, we conducted research on the behavior of entering and leaving sleeping site of the white-headed langur (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) in the Guangxi Chongzuo White-Headed Langur National Nature Reserve via monitoring videos, using focal animal sampling method. The results showed that adult individuals started leaving behavior when leaving their sleeping sites, whereas adult females initiated the entering behavior when entering their sleeping sites. There were six directions used by langurs during entering and leaving their sleeping sites, and there was no significant difference in the direction diversity index between winter and summer months. In the summer season, these white-headed langurs started leaving sleeping sites between 5:45:09 and 6:08:05, and they began entering sleeping sites between 19:17:06 and 19:54:38. In the winter month, these white-headed langurs left sleeping sites during 6:41:38 and 7:44:33, and they entered sleeping sites during 18:09:35 and 18:56:05. White-headed langurs left their sleeping sites earlier in the summer than in the winter, and they entered sleeping sites later in the summer than that in the winter. The white-headed langur spent 874.7 s on entering sleeping site activity, and devoted 517.7 s to leaving sleeping sites activity. There was no marked seasonal variation in the duration of entering and leaving sleeping sites for these langurs, as well as activity time that individuals engaged in entering and leaving sleeping sites. This study indicates that anti-predation strategy could be the predominated factor affecting langurs’ behavior of entering and leaving sleeping sites.