流动儿童累积风险、心理弹性与学业成绩——一项追踪研究
Cumulative Risk, Resilience and Academic Achievement of Migrant Children—A Follow-Up Study
DOI: 10.12677/AP.2022.121013, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 孙 铃, 赵 娜, 朱 晓, 姚倩倩：中央财经大学社会与心理学院心理学系，北京
关键词: 流动儿童；累积风险；心理弹性；学业成绩；追踪研究；Migrant Children； Cumulative Risk； Psychological Resilience； Academic Performance； Follow-Up Study
摘要: 学业成绩是衡量流动儿童社会适应的重要指标之一。然而，流动儿童在成长环境中面临着来自家庭、社区、学校的多方面风险因素，阻碍其获得良好的学业成绩。本研究对北京市某打工子弟学校的285名流动儿童进行了为期一年的追踪研究，采用累积风险模型，考察累积风险对其学业成绩的影响，并分析心理弹性的中介作用。结果表明：1) 累积风险与流动儿童的心理弹性、学业成绩有显著负相关。2) 累积风险对学业成绩既有直接预测作用，也通过心理弹性为中介影响流动儿童的学业成绩，中介效应占比为21.42%。3) 累积风险不仅能够预测同时期的心理弹性和学业成绩，也能够预测1年后的心理弹性和学业成绩。既存在累积风险对1年后学业成绩的直接预测作用，也存在心理弹性的中介效应，中介效应占比为20.09%。总之，流动儿童的累积风险是预测其学业成绩的有效指标，并且对儿童心理弹性的发展起到重要作用。因此，未来研究与政策应关注如何有效地评估和减少各种风险累积对流动儿童发展的负面影响。
Abstract: Academic achievement is one of the most important indicators to measure the social adaptation of migrant children. However, migrant children are faced with various risk factors from family, community and school environment, which hinders them from obtaining good academic achievements. This study conducted a one-year follow-up study on 285 students in a school for migrant children in Beijing, used the cumulative risk model to investigate the impact of cumulative risk on their academic performance, and analyzed the mediating role of psychological resilience. The results showed that: 1) there was a significant negative correlation between cumulative risk and psychological resilience and academic achievement of migrant children. 2) Cumulative risk not only directly predicted academic performance, but also affected the academic performance of migrant children through psychological resilience. The proportion of mediating effect was 21.42%. 3) Cumulative risk could not only predict psychological resilience and academic achievement in the same period, but also predict psychological resilience and academic achievement one year later. There was not only a direct predictive effect of cumulative risk on academic achievement after one year, but also the mediating effect of psychological resilience. The proportion of mediating effect was 20.09%. In short, the cumulative risk of migrant children is an effective index to predict their academic performance, and the development of children’s psychological resilience plays an important role. Therefore, future research and policies could focus on how to effectively assess and reduce the negative impact of various risk accumulation on the development of migrant children.
文章引用：孙铃, 赵娜, 朱晓, 姚倩倩 (2022). 流动儿童累积风险、心理弹性与学业成绩——一项追踪研究. 心理学进展, 12(1), 122-132. https://doi.org/10.12677/AP.2022.121013

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