肺结节和肺癌放射组学的发展与临床应用

Development and Clinical Application of Radiomics in Pulmonary Nodules and Lung Cancer

摘要: 肺癌作为全世界癌症相关死亡的主要原因，在很大程度上与患者在初步诊断时已发现远处转移有关。由于大多数肺癌的最初表现为肺结节，因此肺结节的早期良恶性鉴别对于降低肺癌发病率和死亡率至关重要。最近放射组学在评估肺结节方面取得了重大进展。放射组学是一种自动提取定量成像特征并开发预测模型，为肺结节和肺癌提供辅助指导的新方法。本文总结了放射组学的工作流程、临床实践中的基本过程和挑战，重点介绍了在肺结节临床评估中的应用，包括诊断、病理和分子分类、治疗反应评估和预后预测，以期为临床指导提供参考意义。

Abstract: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer related death worldwide, and is largely related to the fact that many of these patients already have advanced diseases at the time of initial diagnosis. Since most lung cancers are initially presented as pulmonary nodules, early benign and malignant differentiation of pulmonary nodules is very important to reduce the incidence and mortality of lung cancer. Recently, radiomics has made significant advances in the evaluation of pulmonary nodules. Radiomics is a new method to automatically extract quantitative imaging features and develop predictive models to provide auxiliary guidance for pulmonary nodules and lung cancer. This study summarizes the basic process and challenges of radiomics in clinical practice, and focuses on the application of radiomics in clinical evaluation of pulmonary nodules, including diagnosis, pathological and molecular classification, treatment response evaluation and prognosis prediction, in order to provide reference for clinical guidance.