贵阳机场低云气候特征分析

Analysis of Low Cloud Climatic Characteristics in Guiyang Airport

摘要: 本文利用2004~2020年的自动观测数据、人工观测数据统计分析了贵阳机场低云天气的气候特征、气象要素以及天气形势特征。1) 贵阳机场低云总日数为772日，年平均45.5日。其有明显的年际变化特征，各月低云日数，1月最多，8月最少。且冬春季出现最多，2017年之后，各个季节变化差异明显。2) 发生低云时相对湿度在95%~100%的频率最大；东北风出现最多，风速多在1~4米/秒；修正海平面气压在1011~1030 hPa之间；能见度小于5000米的频率为84%。3) 贵阳机场低云天气的典型形势为，500 hPa贵州主要受西南气流控制；700 hPa有西南急流；850 hPa切变线影响；地面静止锋位于贵州中西部。

Abstract: This paper uses automatic observation data and manual observation data from 2004 to 2020 to analyze the climatic characteristics, meteorological elements and weather situation characteristics of low cloud weather in Guiyang Airport. 1) The total number of low cloud days at Guiyang Airport is 772 days, with an annual average of 45.5 days. It has obvious characteristics of inter-annual variability, with the number of low cloud days in each month, with the most in January and the least in August. And it appears the most in winter and spring. After 2017, the changes in each season are obviously different. 2) When low clouds occur, the frequency of relative humidity between 95% and 100% is the largest; northeasterly wind occurs most frequently with wind speeds of 1~4 meters per second; the corrected sea level pressure is between 1011~1030 hPa. The frequency of visibility less than 5000 meters is 84%. 3) The typical situation of low cloud weather in Guiyang Airport is that 500 hPa Guizhou is mainly controlled by southwest airflow; 700 hPa has southwest jet; 850 hPa shear line influence; the ground stationary front is located in the central and western part of Gui-zhou.