构式“谁X谁Y”的构式义及语用功能浅析

The Meaning and Discourse Functions of the Construction “Shui X Shui Y”

摘要: 在现代汉语中常出现“谁X谁Y”类表述，如“谁用谁知道”“谁穿谁好看”“谁污染谁治理”等。“谁X谁Y”是一种疑问代词条件紧缩句，该构式可释义为“要是谁X，他就Y”，构式语义可概括为：说话人认为在一定条件具备的情况下，事件的结果必然会产生。“谁X谁Y”因其强肯定性和高能产性，常用于宣传。两个相似结构“谁Vp₁谁Vp₂”和非疑问代词条件连锁句“N见NVp”也存在一定的差异，在媒体宣传时多用“谁Vp₁谁Vp₂”。

Abstract: The expressions “Shui X Shui Y” often appear in modern Chinese, such as “Shuiyong Shui zhidao” “Shui chuan Shui haokan” “Shui wuran Shui zhili”. It is one of the Conditional Contraction Sen-tences with Wh-word, which can be interpreted as: if who X, he would Y. And its constructional semantics can be summarized as: the speaker believes that the result of an event must be pro-duced under certain conditions. Because of its strong affirmation and high productivity, it is often used in propaganda. There are some differences between the two similar structures “Shui Vp₁ Shui Vp₂” and the non-interrogative Pronoun condition-linked Sentence “N jian N Vp”. Generally people use “Shui Vp₁ Shui Vp₂” in media publicity.