废弃塑料快递包装袋饲喂黄粉虫的生物降解研究

Study on Biodegradation of Tenebrio molitor Fed with Waste Plastic Express Bags

摘要: 目的：以生物降解的方式降解废弃塑料。废弃塑料的处理是目前环境问题的难点，焚烧或填埋，对环境污染影响更大。其中塑料包装多由不可降解的高分子化合物组成，具有难降解，污染大的危害。黄粉虫生性食杂，能将废弃物(塑料、泡沫等有毒害物质)很好的吸收转化。方法：采用单因素实验法，通过改变废弃塑料包装袋与麦麸的比例作为饲料、光照周期、饲养密度和温度，来测定黄粉虫的死亡率、增重率、增长率、化蛹率、可溶性蛋白含量、多糖含量和油脂含量。结果：实验得到最佳饲喂条件为：饲料塑麦比为8:2，其增长率、增重率最好，为最佳配比；其他最佳饲养条件为密度2.5头/cm²；光暗比0:24；饲料含水量16.7%；温度26℃。分别对全麦麸饲喂与最佳塑料饲喂条件的黄粉虫测定得到其可溶性蛋白质含量(7.09 mg/g、7.05 mg/g)，多糖含量(0.24 mg/g、0.21 mg/g)和油脂(20.83%、20.04%)含量，且无明显差异。结论：本研究表明黄粉虫可以生物降解废弃塑料快递包装袋，若大批量饲养黄粉虫用来降解废弃塑料对废弃塑料造成的环境污染可以起到缓解作用。

Abstract: Objective: To biodegrade waste plastics. The disposal of waste plastics is the difficulty of current environmental problems. Incineration or landfill has a greater impact on environmental pollution. Among them, plastic packaging is composed of non-degradable polymer compounds, which is dif-ficult to degrade and has great harm of pollution. Mealworms have a nature of miscellaneous food, can waste (plastic, foam and other toxic substances) very good absorption transformation. Method: The mortality rate, weight gain rate, growth rate, pupation rate, soluble protein content, polysac-charide content and oil content of yellow mealworm were determined by single factor experiment by changing the ratio of discarded plastic bags to wheat bran as feed, light cycle, stocking density and temperature. Results: The optimal feeding conditions were as follows: the ratio of plastic to wheat was 8:2, with the best growth rate and weight gain rate. Other optimal feeding conditions were density of 2.5 head/cm²; light to darkness ratio 0:24; feed water content 16.7%; 26˚C tem-perature. The soluble protein content (7.09 mg/g, 7.05 mg/g), polysaccharide content (0.24 mg/g, 0.21 mg/g) and oil content (20.83%, 20.04%) of mealworms fed with whole wheat bran and the optimal plastic feeding condition were determined, respectively, and no significant difference was found. Conclusion: This study showed that Tenebrio molitor could biodegrade waste plastic express packaging bags, and the environmental pollution caused by waste plastic could be alleviated if Tenebrio molitor was raised in large quantities to degrade waste plastic.