昆明城市湖、库水体重金属分布特征及来源解析

Distribution Characteristics and Source Analysis of Heavy Metals in Urban Lake and Reservoir Water Bodies in Kunming

摘要: 以昆明市城区13个湖、库为研究对象，对城市中心与城市边缘区域典型湖泊、水库水体重金属分布特征及其来源进行解析。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)对城市湖泊、水库水体中的铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、镍(Ni)、镉(Cd)、钼(Mo)等重金属的浓度进行检测，并使用主成分分析方法对水体中的重金属来源进行分析。结果显示研究区域湖、库水体中铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、镍(Ni)、镉(Cd)、钼(Mo)含量均未超过地表水I类质量标准，其中位于城市中心的湖、库水体锌(Zn)、镉(Cd)、钼(Mo)的含量均大于位于城市边缘的水体；而镍(Ni)与铜(Cu)元素含量则是位于城市边缘的湖、库水体大于位于城市中心的水体。分析结果表明，锌(Zn)与钼(Mo)、镉(Cd)元素主要来源于城市生活污水，而镍(Ni)与铜(Cu)元素则来自于农业化肥的使用。

Abstract: The distribution characteristics and sources of heavy metals in 13 lakes and reservoirs water bodies in Kunming city were analyzed. The concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd) and molybdenum (Mo) in urban lakes and reservoirs water bodies were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the sources of heavy metals in water were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the contents of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd) and molybdenum (Mo) in lake and reservoir water bodies did not exceed the grade I quality standard of surface water. The contents of zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and molybdenum (Mo) in the lake and reservoir water bodies at the center of the city were higher than those in the edge of the city, while the contents of nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) in the urban marginal water were higher than those in center areas. Principal component analysis showed that zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo) and cadmium (Cd) were mainly derived from municipal sewage, while nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) were derived from agricultural fertilizer.