小学生教学楼紧急疏散模拟与优化策略研究

Simulation and Optimization Strategy of Emergency Evacuation in Primary School Teaching Building

摘要: 心理学研究表明，紧急情况下个体心理恐慌程度的不同会引起个体行为的差异。本文基于正常情况下教学楼内小学生群体疏散模型，考虑紧急情况下小学生心理恐慌程度的不同对群体运动特征、行走速度的影响及疏散路径的选择，建立了模拟紧急情况下教学楼内小学生群体疏散的模型。仿真结果表明：在紧急疏散情况下，小学生群体的适度恐慌可以提高整体疏散效率；及时在疏散过程中增加教师引导有助于疏散安全有序进行；当教学楼内不同年级的小学生心理恐慌程度处于不同值时，1~2年级学生心理处于极度恐状态时，整体疏散效率最高。

Abstract: Psychological research shows that the difference of individual psychological panic degrees will cause the difference of individual behavior in an emergency situation. Based on the group evacua-tion model of primary school students in the teaching building under normal conditions, a new model to simulate the group evacuation of primary school students in the teaching building under emergency conditions is established, in which the influence of different psychological panic degrees of primary school students on group movement characteristics, walking speed and the choice of evacuation path are considered. The simulation results show that in the case of an emergency evacuation, moderate panic for the pupils can improve the overall evacuation efficiency. Adding teachers’ guidance in the evacuation process in time is helpful for the evacuation to be carried out safely and orderly. When the psychological panic degree of students of different grades in the teaching building is at different values, and the students of grades 1~2 were in a state of extreme psychological fear, the overall evacuation efficiency is the highest.