数据权利属性界定与保护路径展望

Attribute Definition and Protection Path of Data Rights

摘要: 数据已俨然成为这个时代极其重要的资源，大数据作为新的生产要素在带动相关产业迅猛发展的同时，也给个人隐私、数据安全带来许多隐患，在数据的实际应用过程中，数据的含义、数据与信息的区别、数据权利意旨为何、数据权利主体的范围等等都成为“大数据”时代背景下凸显的问题，因此亟需对数据确权、数据权利保护等予以规范。我国《民法典》仅将个人信息保护、隐私权和数据分别规定在人格权编和财产权编里。至此数据权利仍未得到明确的法律保障，现如今我国颁布的《个人信息保护法》、《数据安全法》等多部专门法律已从独立角度对个人信息权，数据权利进行规制，但保护数据权利，维护数据安全仅依据立法还远远不够。本文以数据权利的特性为出发点，总结当下数据权利保护应遵循的原则，对如何从法律及其他领域实施保护措施提出相关建议。

Abstract: Data has become an extremely important resource in this era. As a new factor of production, big data drives the rapid development of relevant industries, but also brings many hidden dangers to personal privacy and data security. In the practical application of data, the meaning of data, the difference between data and information, the content of data rights and the scope of data rights subjects have all become prominent issues in the background of “big data” era. Therefore, it is urgent to standardize data right confirmation and data right protection. The Civil Code of China only stipulates personal information protection, privacy and data in the personality right and property right respectively. So far, data rights have not been clearly protected by law. Now, China’s “Personal Information Protection Law”, “Data Security Law” and other special laws have regulated personal information rights and data rights from an independent perspective, but it is far from enough to protect data rights and maintain data security only based on legislation. Based on the characteristics of data rights, this paper summarizes the principles that should be followed in the protection of data rights, and puts forward relevant suggestions on how to implement protection measures from law and other fields.