气味熟悉度对不同嗅觉表象能力个体情景记忆的影响

Effects of Odor Familiarity on Olfactory Episodic Memory of Individuals with Different Olfactory Imagery Abilities

摘要: 嗅觉表象是没有外界气味刺激下的嗅觉感知过程，相比其他心理表象，嗅觉表象是最不生动的，且在人群中嗅觉表象能力存在较大的个体差异，但有关其背后认知机制的研究较少。本研究旨在探讨不同嗅觉表象能力个体嗅觉情景记忆的差异，以及探索性地研究可能影响嗅觉表象和嗅觉记忆的因素。实验一(前测组)采用气味再认测试探索不同嗅觉表象能力个体情景记忆的差异，结果表明，高、低嗅觉表象能力个体在情景记忆任务表现上没有显著差异。实验二(后测组)在实验一的任务范式基础下通过替换气味刺激降低气味熟悉度，结果表明，前测组和后测组在情景记忆任务表现上存在显著差异。总之，本研究主要发现气味熟悉度会影响个体的嗅觉情景记忆，且在不同嗅觉表象能力个体上结果是一样的。

Abstract: Olfactory imagery is the process of olfactory perception without external odor stimulation. Olfactory imagery is the least vivid of all senses, and there are large individual differences in the ability of olfactory imagery among the population. But little research has been done on the cognitive mechanism of olfactory imagery. This study aimed to investigate the differences in olfactory episodic memory among individuals with different olfactory imagery abilities, as well as to explore possible factors that influence olfactory imagery and olfactory memory. Experiment 1 (pre-test group) used the odor recognition test to explore the differences in olfactory episodic memory among individuals with different olfactory imagery abilities. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the performance of episodic memory tasks between individuals with high and low olfactory imagery abilities. Experiment 2 (post-test group) reduced odor familiarity by replacing odor stimuli under the task paradigm of Experiment 1. The results showed that there were significant differences in olfactory episodic memory task performance between the pre-test group and the post-test group. In conclusion, this study mainly finds that odor familiarity affects the olfactory episodic memory of individuals.