情绪障碍及其气质特征的神经机制的研究现状

Research Status of the Neural Mechanisms of Mood Disorders and Its Temperament Characteristics

摘要: 在人格理论中，气质代表个体先天的对危险性、新颖性和奖赏性环境刺激的自发行为倾向，在个体的一生中相对稳定，且在情绪障碍诊断前后，以及临床症状的恢复后都倾向于一个稳定水平。更重要的是，气质特征的神经机制的研究中发现，气质得分和负责调节唤醒水平、注意力管理、情绪体验和情感表达的脑区有显著相关。关于情绪障碍的神经机制的研究发现，杏仁核、额叶、小脑等脑区的异常和症状存在显著的相关性。本研究通过系统回顾关于气质特征和情绪障碍的神经机制的研究现状，总结二者神经机制的耦合性，以及耦合的脑区参与的心理加工活动。希望未来考虑到气质评估的便利性，在临床中加入气质特征的评估，提高临床诊断的准确性。

Abstract: In personality theory, temperament represents an individual’s innate tendency to behave spontaneously to dangerous, novel, and rewarding environmental stimuli, is relatively stable throughout an individual’s life, which tends to be associated with a stable level. More importantly, many studies found that temperament scores were significantly associated with brain regions responsible for mediating levels of arousal, attention management, emotional experience, and emotional expression. Studies on the neural mechanisms of mood disorders have found that abnormalities in brain regions such as the amygdala, prefrontal, and cerebellum are associated with symptoms. This study systematically reviewed the research status of the neural mechanisms of temperament characteristics and mood disorders, and summarized the coupling of the two neural mechanisms, as well as the psychological processing activities involved in the coupled brain regions. It is hoped that in the future, considering the convenience of temperament assessment, the evaluation of temperament characteristics will be added in clinical practice to improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis.