昼–夜Stroop效应中执行功能的受抑制情况

Inhibition of Executive Function in Day-Night Stroop Effect

摘要: 目的：正处于执行功能发展关键期的学前儿童在完成昼–夜Stroop任务时抑制控制能力会受到抑制。本文旨在研究大学生的执行功能在昼–夜Stroop任务中的受抑制情况。方法：本研究从湖北工程学院召集了58名大学生被试，使用E-Prime编写实验程序，采用2 (刺激类型：彩色图片VS.四字词语)*2 (匹配状况：匹配VS.不匹配)的被试内设计研究被试的抑制控制能力是否会受到刺激材料的类型与匹配状况的影响。因变量为平均反应时和平均正确率。结果：重复测量的方差分析结果显示，在反应时上，刺激类型的主效应显著(p < 0.05)，匹配类型主效应显著(p < 0.05)，刺激类型与匹配类型的交互作用不显著(p > 0.05)。结论：执行功能的表现会收到刺激类型与匹配情况的影响，且进一步发现，与学前儿童相比，大学生被试在完成昼–夜Stroop任务时，执行功能的受抑制程度更低。该研究结果为现有的对执行功能的研究提供了实证证据。

Abstract: Objective: Preschoolers who are in the critical period of executive function development will be inhibited in their inhibitory control ability when performing the day-night Stroop task. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibition of executive function in the day-night Stroop task of college students. Methods: In this study, 58 college students were recruited from Hubei Institute of Engineering. E-prime was used to write the experimental program, and 2*2 within-subject design was used to study whether the inhibition and control ability of the subjects would be affected by the type of stimulus materials and the matching status, and the dependent variables were average response time and average accuracy. Results: ANOVA of repeated measures showed that the main effect of stimulus type on response time was significant (p <0.05), the main effect of matching type was significant (p <0.05), the interaction between stimulus type and matching type was not significant (p >0.05). Conclusions: The performance of executive function was affected by the type of stimulus and the matching situation, and it was further found that compared with preschool children, the executive function of college students was less inhibited when they completed the day-night Stroop task. The results of this study provide empirical evidence for existing research on executive function.