西安话人称代词的形态、分布与历史层次

The Morphology, Distribution, and the Historical Patterns of Personal Pronouns in Xi’an Dialect

摘要: 西安话的人称代词在数范畴上有着不同于普通话的形态，复数人称代词有两套。从形态和分布两个方面考察西安话的人称代词可见：西安话单数的人称代词可通过变韵、变调、加标等形态手段变为复数；复数人称代词带ti²¹的形式在分布上不受限，但不带ti²¹的形式受限。结合关中方言和古今汉语人称代词的情况，推测关中方言人称代词复数ti²¹词缀是由一个有定的名词性成分语法化而来的，不带ti²¹的复数人称代词历史层次更早。

Abstract: Personal pronouns in Xi’an dialect demonstrate different morphological features from Mandarin in terms of the number category, and there are two sets of plural personal pronouns in Xi’an di-alect. The current research describes the personal pronouns in Xi’an dialect from both morpho-logical and syntactic perspectives. Singular personal pronouns in Xi’an dialect can be changed to plural by morphological means such as vowel changing, tone sandhi and marker adding. The plural personal pronouns with ti²¹ marker are not restricted in distribution, but those without ti²¹ are. Combining the demonstration of personal pronouns in Guanzhong dialects and other Chinese varieties in both modern and ancient times, the ti²¹ affix of plural personal pronouns is grammaticalized from a definite nominative component, and plural personal pronouns without ti²¹ are earlier patterns.