春季积雪融化过程的模拟研究

Simulation Research on Snow Melting Process in Spring

摘要: 为深入研究东北积雪在融化期融化速率、融雪水量及产流时积雪厚度的影响因素，选取积雪厚度、积雪密度、风速、温度4个因素，利用正交试验设计方法，采用室内模拟融化试验，对试验数据进行方差分析与线性回归分析，得出积雪在不同厚度、密度、不同风速、温度条件下，积雪融化速率、产流时刻雪深及融雪水量的影响规律。结果表明：在整个试验过程中，对积雪融化速率的影响为：风速 > 积雪密度 > 温度 > 积雪厚度。温度是积雪融化外部能量的来源，温度越高，融化速率越快；风速通过运输外部能量和加速水分运移影响着积雪融化的快慢；自身的厚度与密度是积雪内部结构的基础，影响着水分在雪层间的储存与运移，从而影响积雪的融化速率。积雪融化前的初始厚度与密度对积雪产流时积雪厚度影响较大，风速与温度只影响产流时间长短，不影响产流时积雪厚度。积雪厚度、密度影响积雪融雪水量的多少，风速与温度只影响融化快慢，对融雪水量没有影响。

Abstract: In order to deeply study the influencing factors of the melting rate of snow in the northeast during the melting period, the amount of snow-melting water and the thickness of the snow during runoff, four factors, including snow thickness, snow density, wind speed and temperature, were selected, and the orthogonal experimental design method was used. We simulate the melting test, carry out variance analysis and linear regression analysis on the test data, and obtain the influence law of snow melting rate, snow depth and snow melting water volume under different thickness, density, wind speed and temperature conditions. The results show that: in the whole test process, the influence on the snow melting rate is: wind speed > snow density > temperature > snow thickness. Temperature is the source of external energy for snow melting. The higher the temperature, the faster the melting rate; the wind speed affects the speed of snow melting by transporting external energy and accelerating water migration; its own thickness and density are the basis of the internal structure of snow. It affects the storage and transport of water between snow layers, thereby affecting the melting rate of snow cover. The initial thickness and density of snow before melting have a great influence on the snow thickness during runoff. The thickness and density of the snow cover affect the amount of snow-melting water. The wind speed and temperature only affect the melting speed and have no effect on the amount of snow-melting water.