从“完全理性”到“生态理性”——人类决策智慧的演进

From “Complete Rationality” to “Ecological Rationality”—The Evolution of Human Decision-Making Wisdom

摘要: 本文对决策的三大主要决策理论：标准化决策模型、描述性决策模型和进化论决策模型的发展演进进行了脉络性的综述，体现了决策思维的“完全理性”、“有限理性”和“生态理性”的承上启下的理论沿革，同时对这三种决策模式进行了对比分析：三种决策模式的研究思路和理论方法都有其各自存在发展的合理性，但也各有他们无法避免的局限性；从人类决策的长期演变和宏观决策视野来看，这三种决策模式的共融共生，相互借鉴是决策研究发展方向的大趋势。

Abstract: This paper reviews the development and evolution of the three main decision-making theories: standardized decision-making model, descriptive decision-making model and evolutionary deci-sion-making model. It embodies the theoretical evolution of “complete rationality”, “limited ra-tionality” and “ecological rationality” of decision-making thinking. At the same time, the three decision-making modes are comparative analyzed: the research ideas and theoretical methods have existence and development rationality, but they also have unavoidable limitations; from the long-term evolution of human decision-making and the macro-decision-making perspective, the integration of these three decision-making modes and mutual reference is the general trend of the development direction of decision-making research.