空间表征和字义冲突对信息加工速度的影响——基于Stroop范式的研究

The Effects of Spatial Representation and Semantic Conflict on Information Processing Speed—Research Based on Stroop Paradigm

摘要: 空间认知需要在生活中无处不在，例如出门导航，看懂一张地图，识别路标方位，给别人介绍某一景点的位置等，然而有的时候容易认错方位导致找不到目的地。因此，本文探讨了加工物理空间与空间字义之间引起的信息冲突，并对此进行解释。本文沿用经典Stroop范式来探究当空间表征与字义冲突时，信息加工速度如何改变。用E-prime将经典Stroop实验范式改为判断空间和判断字义的Stroop实验，以32名本科生为被试，对收集的数据进行双因素重复测量方差分析，得到以下结论：1) 判断空间位置的任务存在Stroop效应。2) 判断刺激字义的任务存在Stroop效应。3) 空间加工速度显著快于字义加工速度。

Abstract: Spatial cognition needs to be everywhere in our life, such as navigation, understanding a map, recognizing the direction of road signs, and introducing the location of a scenic spot to others, etc. However, sometimes it is easy to mistake the direction and fail to find the destination. Therefore, this paper discusses and explains the information conflict caused by processing physical space and spatial meaning. This paper uses the classical Stroop paradigm to explore how information processing speed changes when spatial representation conflicts with word meaning. E-prime was used to change the classic Stroop experiment paradigm into the Stroop experiment of judging space and meaning. Thirty-two undergraduates were taken as subjects, and two-factor repeated measure ANOVA was conducted on the collected data, and the following conclusions were obtained: First, the task of judging the spatial position has a Stroop effect. Second, there is a Stroop effect in the task of judging the meaning of the stimulus. Third, the spatial processing speed is significantly faster than the language processing speed.