近半个世纪中国北方沙尘暴的空间分布和时间变化规律回顾

Spatial Distribution and Temporal Tendency of the Dust Storm Frequency in North and Northwest China for the Recent Nearly Half a Century

摘要: 特别是近10多年来，中外科学家对近半个世纪中国北方沙尘暴的地理分布和时间变化趋势作了大量工作，为了在借鉴前人成果的基础上更进一步把握现在和将来中国北方沙尘暴的发生、发展规律，本文就相关成果进行了详细的回顾、分析和总结：首先在气候意义上进一步阐明了我国沙尘暴发生频数、沙尘源区、爆发路径、传输路径、沉降区域等的地理分布状况及其形成的地表、气候和大气环流成因；然后总结了半个世纪以来我国沙尘暴的年际和年代际变化特征及其区域性差异，并就荒漠化、气候变化及环流演变三方面给出其可能的形成原因；最后提出几点沙尘暴预测和防治的建议。

Abstract: A lot of efforts have been done on the geographic distribution and temporal variation trend of the dust storm frequency in North and Northwest China during the last half century, especially since 10 or so years before. In order to further understand the occurrence and development regulations for dust storms in China in the near and far future based on the previous successes, this paper has aimed to review, analyze and summarize in detail those relevant achievements obtained by inland and abroad scientists. Firstly, the climatic geographical distributions of the happening frequency, sand and dust sources, outbreak way, transport route and deposition areas of dust storms in China have been further elu-cidated with their causes such as surface conditions, climatic factors and atmospheric circulations. Secondly, the yearly and decadal variation characteristics of the dust storm frequency in China and their differences from area to area have been summarized for the last half century or so, focusing on the desertification land, climate change and atmospheric circulation modification in North and Northwest China to explain all the involved phenomena; Finally, some sugges-tions have been given on the prediction and restriction of dust storm in China.