暴力视频对表情识别和记忆倾向的影响

The Effect of Violent Video on Facial Expression Recognition and Memory Tendency

摘要: 目的：本研究以不同性质的视频作为启动材料，考察暴力视频对大学生面部表情识别和记忆倾向是否有差异。研究方法：本实验采用三因素混合实验设计。自变量为视频类型(暴力视频、自然纪录片)、表情图片(正性、中性、负性)、性别(男生，女生)，因变量为被试的正确率、反应时和再认率。被试随机分为两组，分别观看暴力视频和自然纪录片，并完成面部表情识别任务。结果：在正确率上：① 表情主效应显著，p < 0.01，被试对负性表情识别的正确率高于中性和正性表情。② 视频类型的主效应显著，p < 0.01，暴力视频组正确率显著低于纪录片组，二者交互作用不显著。在反应时上：① 视频的主效应边缘显著，p = 0.06，暴力视频组的反应时边缘显著地短于纪录片组。② 表情的主效应显著，p < 0.001，负性表情的反应时显著短于正性和中性表情，中性表情的反应时显著短于正性表情。③ 视频与表情的交互作用显著，p < 0.001，在正性表情条件下，暴力视频组的反应时显著长于自然纪录片组；在负性表情条件下，暴力视频组的反应时显著短于纪录片组；在中性表情条件下，两组没有显著差异。④ 表情与性别的交互作用显著，p < 0.001，在中性表情上，女生的反应时显著长于男生；在正性和负性表情上，女生的反应时显著短于男生。⑤ 性别与视频的交互作用显著，p < 0.05，男生在暴力视频组的反应时显著短于纪录片组，女生在两组的反应时没有显著差异。在图片再认实验中，视频类型与表情图片类型交互作用显著。暴力视频组被试对负性表情图片的再认率显著高于正性表情图片。纪录片组被试对负性表情图片和正性表情图片的再认率没有显著差异。结论：暴力视频影响大学生面部表情识别和记忆倾向。在暴力视频的影响下，被试更容易识别和记忆负性面部表情，同时抑制对正性面部表情的识别。与女生相比，男生更容易受到暴力视频的影响。

Abstract: Purpose: We investigated whether violent videos had an effect on facial expression recognition and memory tendency by taking different videos as the starting materials. Research Method: This experiment adopted a three-factor mixed experimental design. The independent variables were the video type (violent video, nature documentary), facial expression pictures (positive, neutral, negative), and gender (male, female); the dependent variables were the subjects’ accuracy, reaction time and recognition rate. Participants were randomly divided into two groups to watch violent videos and nature documentaries and complete facial expression recognition tasks. Results: In terms of accuracy: ① The main effect of expression was significant, p < 0.01, and the accuracy of the subjects’ recognition of negative expressions was higher than that of neutral and positive expressions. ② The main effect of the video was significant, p < 0.01, the accuracy of the violent video group was significantly lower than that of the documentary group. The interaction between the two groups was not significant. In terms of reaction time: ① The main effect edge of the video was significant, p = 0.06, the reaction time edge of the violent video group was significantly shorter than that of the documentary group. ② The main effect of expressions was significant, p < 0.001, the reaction time of negative expressions was significantly shorter than that of positive and neutral expressions, and the reaction time of neutral expressions was significantly shorter than that of positive expressions. ③ The interaction between video and expression was significant, p < 0.001. Under the condition of positive expression, the reaction time of the violent video group was significantly longer than that of the natural documentary group; under the condition of negative expression, the reaction time of the violent video group was significantly shorter than that of the documentary group; under the condition of neutral expression, there was no significant difference between the two groups. ④ The interaction between expression and gender was significant, p < 0.001. In the neutral expressions, the reaction time of the female was significantly longer than that of the male; in the positive and negative expressions, the reaction time of the female was significantly shorter than that of the male. ⑤ The interaction between gender and video was significant, p < 0.05, the response time of the male in the violent video group was significantly shorter than that of the documentary group, and the response time of the female in the two groups had no sig-nificant difference. In the experiment on picture recognition, the interaction between video and expression was significant. The recognition rate was higher in negative expressions than in posi-tive expressions for the violent video group. There was no significant difference between positive expressions and negative expressions for the natural documentary group. Conclusion: Violent videos affect the facial expression recognition of college students. Under the influence of violent videos, people are more likely to recognize and memorize negative facial expressions, while inhibiting the recognition of positive facial expressions. Compared with female, male is more likely to be affected by violent videos.