基于心理需求的适老公共空间文献计量分析

Econometric Analysis of Literature on Elderly Public Space Based on Psychological Needs

摘要: 目的：基于老年人心理需求对目前国内外适老公共空间建设研究进行系统的归纳和整理，发现研究所存在的缺陷与不足，探索未来研究发展方向。方法：以中国知网数据库(CNKI)中2011年~2021年相关文献为研究对象，采用文献计量分析法，对研究热点与研究历程进行可视化分析。结果：1) 国内文献数量在2005年与2018年达到两次峰值，且适老公共空间研究大致经历了三个阶段，分别为2011年~2013年、2014年~2016年、2018年~至今。2) 国内研究热点逐渐从景观设计向人性化设计、适老化设计转变，研究主题也从公共空间具体到城市公园、养老社区。3) 国外研究中形成6个聚类，分别为公共卫生、环境正义、参与度、社会交往、公共卫生干预、绿色、福利。结论：我国适老公共空间研究在老年人心理需求方面存在不足，且研究方法较为单一、研究对象存在局限性、缺乏多学科合作。

Abstract: Objective: This research systematically summarizes the current research on the construction of public space for the elderly at home and abroad based on the psychological needs of the elderly aiming to find the defects and deficiencies of the research and explore the direction of future research. Methods: Relevant literatures from 2011 to 2021 in CNKI database were selected as the object, and bibliometrics analysis was adopted as the predominant method. Results: 1) The number of domestic literatures reached the peak twice in 2005 and 2018, and the research on public space suitable for the aged has been through three stages, respectively from 2011 to 2013, from 2014 to 2016, and from 2018 to now. 2) The focus of domestic research has gradually shifted from landscape design to humanized design and age-appropriate design, and the subject has also shifted from public space to urban parks and old-age communities. 3) Six clusters were formed in terms of foreign studies: public health, environmental justice, participation, social interaction, public health intervention, green, and social welfare. Conclusion: There are draw-backs generally, deficient diversity in the method, and limitations in the choosing of the object, and the lack of multidisciplinary cooperation in the research of public space for the aged in China.