药用大麻种植及新品种育种研究
Research on Medicinal Cannabis Cultivation and New Variety Breeding
DOI: 10.12677/HJAS.2022.124036, PDF,   
作者: 韩 雪, 景尚友, 王明明, 张 辉, 闵 丽：黑龙江省农垦科学院经济作物研究所，黑龙江 哈尔滨
关键词: 药用大麻；CBD；种质资源；品种选育；Medicinal Cannabis； CBD； Germplasm Resources； Variety Selection
摘要: 近年来，工业大麻是国内外研究热点，尤其是药用工业大麻研究方兴未艾。大麻植物中含一百多种大麻素，其中大麻二酚(CBD)，不具有成瘾性并且具有极高的药用价值，可以作为重要的药基原料。由于工业大为麻雌雄异株，为育种工作造成了一定困难，由于高CBD低四氢大麻酚(THC)的药用大麻品种繁育困难、种植比较粗放不够规范，成为我国药用大麻产业发展的瓶颈。该文通过分子辅助育种、诱变育种、雌化育种等方式结合传统育种，提出高CBD低THC含量药用大麻新品种选育的策略，并调节药用大麻适宜生长的栽培因子，通过合理调控药用大麻营养结构和光照属性提高药用大麻的CBD含量及籽粒的产量，加大对药用大麻经济价值的利用和挖掘。
Abstract: In recent years, industrial hemp has become an international research hotspot, especially the research of medicinal industrial cannabis. Cannabis plants contain more than 100 cannabinoids. Cannabidiol (CBD), which is non-addictive and has high medicinal value, can be used as an important raw material for medicine. Because industrial cannabis is dioecious, it caused certain difficulties for breeding work. Due to the difficulty in breeding and unstandardized cultivation of medicinal cannabis varieties with high CBD and low tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), it has become a bottleneck for the development of Chinese medicinal cannabis industry. In this paper, we review the process of molecular-assisted breeding, mutation breeding, feminization breeding and other methods combined with traditional breeding, a strategy for breeding new medicinal cannabis varieties with high CBD and low THC content is proposed, and the cultivation factors for adjusting the suitable growth of medicinal cannabis are proposed. Adjusting the nutritional structure and light properties of medicinal cannabis will increase the CBD content and grain yield of medicinal cannabis, and increase the utilization and mining of the economic value of medicinal cannabis.
文章引用：韩雪, 景尚友, 王明明, 张辉, 闵丽. 药用大麻种植及新品种育种研究[J]. 农业科学, 2022, 12(4): 250-253. https://doi.org/10.12677/HJAS.2022.124036

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