近义词“粪”和“屎”的共时和历时研究

Synchronic and Diachronic Research of the Synonyms “Fen” and “Shi”

摘要: 由于近义词组在一定语境下可以互相替换，这对其在日常生活中的正确使用造成一定影响。文章以“粪”和“屎”这组近义词为研究对象，从共时和历时两个维度对“粪”和“屎”的词义演变机制进行考察。结果发现二者历史上是在语境吸收的语义演变机制下成为近义词组，发展到现代汉语时期，在语用功能的影响下又各自衍生出新的义项，由此这组近义词相互交叉，同时又相互区别。

Abstract: Because synonym groups can replace each other in a certain context, it has a certain impact on their correct use in daily life. Taking the group of synonyms “Fen” and “Shi” as the research object, this paper investigates the semantic evolution mechanism of “Fen” and “Shi” from the diachronic and synchronic dimensions. The results show that they have become synonym groups under the semantic evolution mechanism based on contextual absorption in history. To the modern Chinese period, the two have derived new meanings under the influence of pragmatic function, so this group of synonyms intersect and differ from each other at the same time.