近期人类活动对和田河汇入塔里木河径流的影响

Impacts of Recent Human Activities on Runoff of the Hotan River Flowing into the Tarim River

摘要:

由于近年来和田河流入塔里木河的水量连续三年大幅减少，乌鲁瓦提水库的运行与近年来和田绿洲土地利用变化较大，可能影响和田河向塔里木河输水量。为此，本文利用和田河流域上5个水文站的径流资料和2004、2009年和田卫片资料，研究了乌鲁瓦提水库与土地利用变化对塔里木河输水的影响。结果表明：和田河两支流来水量有不显著的递增趋势，干流肖塔站有不显著的递减趋势。乌鲁瓦提水库的运行，改变了喀拉喀什河径流的年内分配，过多削减洪峰流量而增大了沿程河道损失，使流出绿洲水量较小，影响了和田河汇入塔里木河的水量。部分未利用土地转为农用地面积，灌溉面积显著增加，使和田河径流大部分用于灌溉，加大了和田河干流的年际变化，对和田河汇入塔里木河的水量有很大影响。分析近期人类活动对和田河汇入塔里木河径流的影响，为今后乌鲁瓦提水库的运行方式与和田河流域水资源合理开发利用提出建议和可行性措施。 In recent years, the water quantity of the Hotan River flowing into the Tarim River sharply reduces for three years, and the operation of the Wuluwati Reservoir and the land use of the Hotan Oasis in recent years changes greatly, which may affect the water quantity of the Hotan River which inflows into the Tarim River. In this paper, based on the runoff data of five hydrological station in the Hotan River Basin and the data by RS in 2004, 2009, analyzed the impact of the Wuluwati Reservoir and land-use changes to the Tarim River. The results showed that the water quantity of the two tributaries of Hotan River had the indistinct in-creasing trend, the water quantity of the Xiata Hydrologic Station had the indistinct decreasing trend. The operation of the Wuluwati Reservoir changed annual runoff distribution of the Kalakashi River, cut the peak flow down too much, increased the loss of the river channel on the way, led to cut down the outflow of oasis, and affected the water quantity of the Hotan River flowing into the Tarim River. Part areas of unused land changed the areas of cultivated land, the indistinct increasing areas of cultivated land draw into much runoff of the Hotan River, which increased the inter-annual variability of the main stream and had great impact on the water quantity from the Hotan River to the Tarim River. Analysis of the impacts of recent human activi- ties on runoff of the Hotan River flowing into the Tarim River can be used to give some reasonable sugges-tions and feasibility measures for the operation of the Wuluwati Reservoir in the future and water resources development and utilization in the Hotan River basin.

Abstract: