一般自我效能感在社区老年人老化期望和生活质量中的中介效应分析

The Mediating Effect of Self-Efficacy between the Expectations Regarding Aging and Quality of Life among Community-Dwelling Elders in China

摘要: 目的：探讨一般自我效能感在社区老年人老化期望和生活质量之间的中介效应。方法：方便抽取河北省唐山市社区老年人553例为研究对象，使用一般自我效能感量表(General Self -Efficacy Scale, GSES)、简版老化期望量表(Expectations Regarding Aging, ERA-12)、生活质量量表(The Short Form Health Survey, SF-12V2)进行调查。使用SPSS26.0进行双变量相关分析和多元线性逐步回归构建结构方程模型；AMOS 21.0进行结构方程模型验证，使用PROCESS 3.3.5插件进行Bootstrap中介效应检验。结果：1) 研究对象一般自我效能感得分(2.58 ± 0.78)分，老化期望(ERA-12)得分(33.64 ± 25.28)分，生活质量(SF-12V2)评分，其中生理健康得分(37.94 ± 6.97)分，心理健康得分(46.40 ± 6.01)分。2) 老化期望和一般自我效能感呈正相关(r = 0.476, P < 0.01)，老化期望和生活质量呈正相关(r = 0.656, P < 0.01)。3) 结构方程模型、回归分析及中介效应检验证明了老化期望对生活质量有直接和间接效应。结论：社区老年人的老化期望对生活质量有直接和间接影响，一般自我效能感在老化期望和生活质量中起到中介作用，提升社区不同老化期望值老年人的自我效能感，可以提升社区老年人的生活质量。

Abstract: Purpose: The study aims to investigate the relationship between Expectations Regarding Aging (ERA) and Quality of life among community dwelling Chinese elders, as well as to confirm the mediating role of self-efficacy on the association between ERA and Quality of life. Methods: A cross- sectional convenient sample of 553 elders was recruited from Tangshan City. A face-to-face interview was conducted to get information about socio-demographic detail, ERA, self-efficacy and quality of life of each participant. Mediating effect of self-efficacy was confirmed by hierarchical regression analysis and bootstrapping method. Results: ERA has a positive association with quality of life (β = 0.656, P < 0.001). The mediating effect of self-efficacy between ERA and quality of life was confirmed. Conclusions: Self-efficacy was confirmed to play a mediate role in the links between ERA and quality of life. The association between ERA, self-efficacy and quality of life provides new perspective for ERA intervention research. The elders care giver should consider the impact of self-efficacy to improve the outcomes of ERA on quality of life.